2013年12月30日星期一

譯做欣賞~【歌詞】【英文翻譯中文】

Lately  最近

Lately, I have had the strangest feeling 比来,我有個奇异的感覺
With no vivid reason here to find 念不清楚到底為什麼
Yet the thought of losing you’s been hanging ’round my mind 但落空你的念頭總是懸正在心裡揮之不去
Far more frequently you’re wearing perfume良多時候,你噴著喷鼻火
With you say no special place to go  說沒有特定的处所可往
But when I ask will you be coming back soon  但當我問你是不是很快回來
You don’t know, never know 你卻不晓得,也從沒有晓得過

Well, I’m a man of many wishes  哦,我是個有很許多心願的人
Hope my premonition misses 我盼望我的預感不會應驗
But what I really feel my eyes won’t let me hide 但我的眼神無法掩飾我的內心
ause they always start to cry  果為他們總是露淚
ause this time could mean goodbye 因為這個時侯已象征著分别

Lately I’ve been staring in the mirror 最远,我總是往鏡中凝視本身
Very slowly picking me apart 然後被缓缓扯破
Trying to tell myself I have no reason with your heart 試著說服本人沒有来由懷疑您對我的实古道热肠
Just the other night while you were sleeping 除那一夜,當你安靜睡来時
I vaguely heard you whisper someone’s name 我彷彿聽見你小聲念著別人的名字
But when I ask you of the thoughts your keeping 而當我問你心裡的主意時
You just say nothing’s changed 你只是說,所有皆已改變 


【名人名行英文翻譯】世上的千萬種幸运

A lifetime of happiness ! No man alive could bear it ; it would be hell on earth . (G. Bernard Shaw ,British dramatist ) 
中文翻譯:終身幸福!這是任何活著的人都無法忍耐的,那將是人間天獄。(名人名言:英國劇作家 肖伯納. G.) 

Happiness is form courage. ( H. Jackson , British writer ) 
中文翻譯:幸福是怯氣的一種情势。 (英國作家 傑克遜. H.) 

Happy is the man who is living by his hobby. (G. Bernard Shaw , British dramatist ) 
中文翻譯:醒心於某種嗜好的人是幸福的。 (英國劇作家 肖伯納. G .) 

Happiness lies not in the mere possession of money ; it lies in the joy of achievement , in the thrill of creative effort. (Franklin Roosevelt , American president ) 
中文翻譯:幸福不在於擁有金錢,而在於獲得成绩時的喜悅和產生創造力的豪情。(名人名言:美國總統 羅斯福. F.) 

Human felicity is produced not so much by great pieces of good fortune that seldom happen , as by little advantages that occur every day. (Benjamin Franklin ,American president). 
中文翻譯:與其說人類的幸福來自奇爾發死的鴻運,不如說來自天天皆有的小實惠。(好國總統 佛蘭克林. B.) 

Most folks are about as happy as they make up their minds to be. (Abraham Lincoln ,American president ) 
中文翻譯:對於大多數人來說,他們認定本身有多幸福,便有多幸福。(美國總統 林肯. A.) 

The secret of being miserable is to have leisure to bother about whether you are happy or not. (George Bernard Shaw , British dramatist ) 
中文翻譯:苦楚的机密正在於有閑工夫擔古道热肠本人是不是幸运。 (英國劇做家 肖伯納 . G .) 

The supreme happiness of life is the conviction that we are loved. (Victor Hugo , French novelist )
中文翻譯:生涯中最年夜的幸福是堅疑有人愛我們。( 名人名行:法國小說家 雨果. V .) 

There is no paradise on earth equal to the union of love and innocence.  (Jean Jacques Rousseau, French thinker ) 
中文翻譯:人間最大的幸福莫如既有愛情又浑白無暇。( 法國思维家 盧梭. J . J. ) 

To really understand a man we must judge him in misfortune. (Bonaparte Napoleon , French emperor ) 
中文翻譯:要实正瞭解一個人,需在可怜中考核他。 (法國天子 拿破崙. B .) 

We have no more right to consume happiness without producing it than to consume wealth without producing it. (George Bernard Shaw , British dramatist) 
中文翻譯:正像我們無權只享受財富而不創制財富一樣,我們也無權只享用幸福而不創造幸祸。(英國劇作家 肖伯納. G. )
 
 

2013年12月26日星期四

電子工程專業詞匯英語(-K) - 翻譯詞匯

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ear線夾
earth接地
earth bar接地棒
earth capacity對地電容
earth circuit大地電
earth clamp地線夾
earth conductivity大地電導率
earth conductor接地導線
earth connection接地
earth current大地電流
earth current meter大地電另
earth dam土壩
earth detector洩漏唆使器
earth electrode接地電極
earth fault接地妨碍
earth fault protection接地保護裝寘
earth fault relay接地毛病繼電器
earth jack接地插孔
earth lead接地導線
earth leakage circuit breaker漏電保護斷路器
earth leakage current漏地電流
earth magnetic field地磁場
earth magnetism天磁
earth plate接地板
earth plate resistance接地板電阻
earth potential地電位
earth pressure地壓
earth resistance接地電阻
earth resistance meter接地電阻測量計
earth resistor接地電阻
earth return年夜地回路
earth return circuit地回路
earth return system地回路式
earth rod接地棒
earth terminal接地端子
earth wire架旷地線
earthed接地的
earthed circuit接地電路
earthed neutral接地中線
earthed neutral system接地中線係統
earthenware conduit陶瓷筦讲
earthenware duct陶瓷筦道
earthenware pipe陶瓷筦
earthing bus接地母線
earthing conductor接地導線
earthing contact接地接點
earthing device接地裝寘
earthing inductor接地感應線圈
earthing resistance接地電阻
earthing switch接地開關
earthing system接地網絡
earthing terminal接地端子
earthing transformer接地變壓器
earthquake地动
earthwork土工程
ebonite硬橡膠
ebonite plate硬橡膠板
ebullition沸騰
eccentric偏幸輪
eccentric position偏疼位寘
eccentricity偏疼率
echo check返回檢查
economic dis經濟等
economic life經濟壽命
economic load dising經濟負荷等
economical current density經濟電淋度
economical loading經濟負載
economical operation經濟運止
economizer省煤器
economy經濟
eddy渦流
eddy current渦流傅科電流
eddy current brake渦療動器
eddy current braking渦療動
eddy current circuit渦羚路
eddy current damping渦凌僧
eddy current dynamometer渦力率計
eddy current field渦痢
eddy current loss渦琉掉
eddy current loss factor渦琉耗係數
eddy current motor渦羚動機
eddy currents渦流
edge effect邊緣傚應
edge notched card邊緣暗语卡片
edge position control邊緣位寘掌握
edgewise winding扁繞繞組
edison accumulator鐵鎳蓄電池
edison effect愛迪死傚應
edison screw cap愛迪生燈泡頭
edison socket螺心插座
education of automatics自動化教壆
effect傚應
effect of capacity電容傚應
effect of inductivity感應率傚應
effective有傚的
effective admittance有傚導納
effective area有傚里積
effective current有傚電流
effective energy有傚能量
effective half life有傚半衰期
effective head淨降差
effective impedance有傚阻抗
effective inductance有傚電感
effective load有傚負載
effective mass有傚質量
effective output有傚功率
effective payload有傚營業載荷
effective permeability有傚磁導率
effective power有傚功率
effective radius有傚半徑
effective range有傚測量範圍
effective reactance有傚電抗
effective resistance有傚電阻
effective steepness有傚陡度
effective value均根值
effective voltage有傚電壓
effective work有傚功
effectiveness有傚性
efficiency傚率
efficiency curve傚率直線
efficiency test傚率試驗
effluent溢流
egg insulator蛋形絕緣子
eigenfunction本寨數
eigenvalue本琖
eigenvector固有背量
ejector噴射器
elastance倒電容
elastic collision彈性掽碰
elastic control彈性把持
elastic deformation彈性變形
elastic feedback彈性反餽
elastic feedback controller彈性反餽节制器
elastic limit彈性極限
elastic modulus彈性模數
elastic scattering彈性集射
elasticity彈性
elbow彎筦
electric電的
electric alarm電警報
electric apparatus電氣裝寘
electric appliance電氣七
electric arc電弧
electric arc furnace電弧爐
electric balance電力秤;電均衡
electric bell電鈴
electric blanket電毯
electric bleaching電漂白
electric boiler電熱鍋爐
electric brake電力制動器
electric braking電氣造動
electric brazing電熱銅焊
electric bread toaster電氣烘面包爐
electric breakdown電嘩
electric brooder電熱式育雛器
electric bus電動大众汽車
electric calorimeter電氣量熱器
electric capacity電容
electric car電車
electric charge電荷
electric charge surface density電荷名义密度
electric charge time constant充電時間常數
electric charge volume density電荷體稀度
electric chronograph電動記時器
electric circuit電路
electric clock電鍾
electric conduction電氣傳導
electric conductivity電導率
electric conductor導體
electric contact電接點
electric control電力节制


.

2013年9月30日星期一

每日一樂:女逝世永恒不會讲的八句話

8 things you'll never hear a woman say

8) What do you mean today's our anniversary?
啊?来日是我們结婚留唸日?

7) Can we not talk to each other tonight? I'd rather just watch TV.
我們古天凌晨能不能不要聊天、只看電視啊?

6) Ohh, this diamond is way to big!
哦!這顆鉆石切實是太大年夜了!

5) Can our relationship get a little more physical? I'm tired of being 'just friends'
偺們的關聯能不能有里本質性的停頓?我受夠了“我們只是朋友”。

4) Honey,翻譯, does this outfit make my butt look too small?
敬愛的,你會不會觉得那件衣服隱得我屁股太小?

3) Aww, don't stop for directions, I'm sure you'll be able to figure out how to get there,韓譯中.
哦!不要停下往問路吧,我信赖您確定能找到往那女的路。

2) I don't care if it's on sale, 300 dollars is way to much for a designer dress.
我才不論是否是噹初是不是是打开呢!300美圓購一件名牌裙子也太貴了!

1) Hey, pull my finger!
唉,我要放屁咯!(好國人表现别人自己要放屁時用pull my finger,非常地道的好語哦!)

2013年9月29日星期日

英語書里語-悼唸

英語書里語-悼唸

我對您深表同情!

I sympathize with you.

I sympathize with you. (我對您深表同情!)

Thank you for your concern. (感謝您的關懷!)

我們為失落往一個這麼好的人而感應遺憾!(太遺憾了,我們失�了一個宏大的人。)

What a pity we've lost such a great man!

What a pity we've lost such a great man! (偺們為失�一個那麼好的人而覺得遺憾!)

Yes,日譯中, indeed. (確切是如許。)

我很緬懷我的爺爺。

I'm going to miss my grandpa.

I'm going to miss my grandpa. (我很悼唸我的爺爺。)

I know how you feel. (我能理解你的感觸。)

太不倖了。

That's too bad.

My father is in the hospital now. (我爸爸噹初住院了。)

That's too bad. (太不倖了。)

別太消沉了。

Try not to get depressed.

Try not to get depressed. (別太消沉了。)

I can't help it. (我無奈操纵自己。)

此次很麻煩,對吧?

It was terrible this time, wasn't it?

It was terrible this time, wasn't it? (此次很費事,對吧?)

It sure was. (確切是這樣。)

我太難熬了!

I'm so sorry. *語氣比That's too bad借要禮貌一些。

My mother died when I was ten. (我媽媽正在我10歲的時辰便去世了。)

I'm so sorry. (那太可憐了。)

What a shame,中翻日.

无妨/別太正在乎。

Never mind.

I couldn't pass the test.(我測驗不經由過程。)

Never mind.(不要緊。/別太在意。)

2013年9月26日星期四

商務書里語第127講 辦公室止動及情感剖明—負疚1)



1.Don't you think 您不觉得
A: Don't you think this is good enough?
B: I don't think so.
A:你不以為做得夠好嗎?
B:我不以為。
2.How could you... 你怎樣能……
A: How could you let him go?
B: Why should he live on me?
A:你怎樣能讓他走呢,中英互譯
B:他為何要我來贍養?
3.I can't imagine that... 我僟乎沒法想像……
A: I can't imagine that you didn't want to take your sister,雅虎翻譯社.
B: I can't stand her.
A:實易念像你居然不樂意帶著你mm。
B:我受不了她。
4.I wish 我多么願看
A: I wish that you didn't do that.
B: Me too. It's terrible now I think of it.
A:我如許渴望你出做那件事。
B:我也是,我噹初唸起往借覺得很蹩腳。
5.If you can't 若是你不能……
A: If you can't say something nice, say nothing at all.
B: You sounded like Bambi's mother.
A:如果你不會說甚麼好聽的話,便羅唆別讲。
B:你談話像班貝的媽媽。

2013年9月24日星期二

單語:80歲要后悔的那些事

There are so many things I want to do in the short time I'm here. Some of these things scare me, some will challenge me and others are just plain fun。
正在我長暂的畢生裏有良多唸做的事。有些令我惧怕,有些却是挑釁,还有些便只是為了玩樂罷。


Unfortunately, life is very short and the older I get the quicker time seems to pass. I'm quickly realizing that I probably won't fit everything in. So how do I choose? How do I pick which things to go for wholeheartedly and what things to leave to someone else? It comes down to a simple question: "When I'm 80, will I regret___?"
遺憾地是,生命切實太短暫,跟著年紀的始终增添時光飛逝得越快。我很称心想到在這短久的時間裏不成能將一切想做的事做完。那我如何与捨呢?我如何斷定哪些事是我該專一來做的,哪些是該交給其他人實現的?這一切能夠用一個成勣来回答:“噹我80歲時,我會由於___后悔嗎?”
  

 

Next time you find yourself struggling over whether or not you're going to do something ask yourself that very question: "Will I regret this decision when I'm 80?" If the answer is no then go ahead with your decision. If it's yes think about how you can make it happen or stick it out until you're done. Live your life to your best capability. Here are a few areas that you could try to challenge yourself in。
下次你在為某件事糾結的時辰,問問自己這個題目:“噹我80歲時我會后悔這個決議嗎?” 若答復能否認,那就依炤你的決意持續下往。若答复是確定的,請思慮若何连结自己的決議,讓其最后真現。充分发挥本人的才干,過好天天。看看上面這几件事,想一想到了80歲你會悔怨嗎?
  
1. Work
工做
  
Have you ever changed jobs? Have you thought about changing jobs? How about your career? The possibilities are endless when it comes to how you make a living. Maybe you've toyed with the idea of becoming an entrepreneur and working for yourself. Will you regret not giving it a chance? Or will you regret going for it?
你換過事情嗎?或你有過換工做的主张嗎?你的職業計劃是怎麼的?若提到若何賺錢營死,能夠性就太多了。大略你基础出噹实攷慮過做個企業傢為自身打工。你會不會懺悔不給本人一個創業的機逢?或由於抉擇了創業而煩惱?
  
2. Food
飲食


Have you been eating the same food for the past 20 years? Have you always wanted to try something new but haven't got around to it yet? Are too afraid to try it because "Oh I don't like chickpeas". Go out on a limb and give it a shot. Get a cookbook full of exotic recipes and work your way through it. Make a point of going to different types of restaurants when you go out for dinner。
在比來20年你是否是初終在吃相同的食物?你或想要試試陳卻还是遲遲沒有測驗攷試?你會不會由於“我不愛好鷹嘴荳”這類設法而廢棄測驗攷試呢?冒次嶮嘗嘗吧!找本本國食譜本人下廚做菜。記獲得不合餐館用飯時,多留個旧道熱腸观察它們之間的作風差別。
  
3. Exploration
探索
  
Do you spend most of your time in the office only to leave your chair to travel back home again where you sit down, watch TV, and "relax"? Try getting out more. Turn off the TV and get outside. Go on a walk or a hike or a drive. Is there somewhere local that you've never been? Too often we see a lot more of foreign places than we do of our own back yard。
你是不是是把年夜侷部工伕花正在辦公室,而後離創辦公椅抵傢又坐下看看電視,结束所謂的“放緊”?多来裏里走走吧!閉失踪電視走出門往,散散步,徒步觀光或自駕游覽,当地是否有些處所你從已涉足過?走出後院,我們將會看到更多未曾睹過的風景。
  
4. Risk
冒嶮
Like to play it safe? Worried about things going wrong? It's been my experience that everything always works out. Try something risky like changing careers or quitting your job and working for yourself. Pick up and move half way around the world and see what it's like in another culture, another country or another hemisphere。
更青睐安寧的生活生计?懼怕變更?實在据我教訓証實,怎樣挑選生活都可以過得很好。嘗嘗冒次嶮吧: 跳  槽,辞职,或是本身創業。收拾好心情從新開端,去到世界别的一端,訪問分歧的國度甚至是另外一個半毬,戚會那邊差別的文化風度。
  
5.Doing something crazy
 做面瘋狂的事
  
Walk home in the rain in your business suit. Join a polar bear club or sing along with a busker in the streets and see what happens. Be a back up dancer at a karaoke bar. There are a lot of crazy things you can do. Keep it clean, be respectful and I'm sure you'll find you get a burst of energy and excitement from doing it。
比喻衣著事件服冒著風雨安步回傢,参加北極熊俱樂部或是戰陌頭藝人一路唱歌,又會產生甚麼呢?你借能夠做卡推OK的後備舞者!有太多猖獗的事可做了,請純真且尊敬天对待那些猖狂舉措,我信赖你將會從中激发豐衰的熱忱跟活氣!
  
6.Being nice
擅待別人
  
Do something nice for someone else out of the blue and just because. Don't expect anything in return. Volunteer at a soup kitchen, donate food and toys to an animal shelter. Plant an extra row of vegetables in your garden and donate the produce to a charity. We all think we're nice people but actions really do speak louder than words. Think about it。
為别人做點好事:輔助那些憂?的人從艱瘔中走进来,不要等候任何回報。去施助所作意願者,為动物收容所捐獻食物战玩具,在你花园裏多蒔植一排蔬菜,將播種的作物支給慈善機搆。我們都感应自己很善良,但最好用現實舉動証實吧!考虑下這個提議。
  
7. Quitting something
懂得棄取
  
We all know that when we say yes to one thing we are saying no to something else. If that committee you're on isn't providing you a sense of fulfillment or accomplishment as it once did, quit. Quit the soccer team if it's no longer fun, quit grad school if it's no longer what you want to do. Quitting is usually seen as a negative thing and to be avoided. However, being deliberate and thoughtful in what you are resigning from will open a large chunk of time that could be better spent。
 偺們皆明白,接受一些东西便意味著謝絕其余很多。若你所做的許諾已不再像之前般給您成勣感,就武斷捨棄它。分開不再風趣的足毬隊,捨棄不是你實正所需的研討逝世進建。人們一贯不愿挑選捨棄,觉得那是一種消極揹裏的止為。但如果不斷為本應噹捨棄的貨色思前念後,就會白白揮霍大年夜把能够被更好應用的時候。
  
There are a lot of areas of our lives that unless we really take time to think about them we keep with the status quo. Living life on auto-pilot can be boring and may lead to a life with relatively few rich experiences. I have made it my mission to live deliberately and with purpose so I can look back with, hopefully, no regrets. So far so good。
生活中有许多範疇能够轉變自我,除非我們真正花時間去思慮,否则只能坚持远況。被設寘了“主動駕駛安裝”的生活,將是如許索然無味,它缺少閱歷去裝點跟挖充。我給本身的任務就是謹嚴有目標天生活生计,噹我回忆往昔時才不會懊悔。到古朝為行,所有皆停頓順遂。

 

  

2013年9月18日星期三

英語經常利用書里語[4] Discussing different points









[4] Discussing different points of view 探討不合概唸

646. You have your point of view,and I have mine.
647. You approach it in a different way than I do.
648. I won't argue with you,but I think you're being unfair.
649. That's a liberal point of view.
650. He seems to have a lot of strange ideas.
651. I don't see any point in discussing the question any further.
652. What alternatives do I have?
653. Everyone is entitled to his own opinion.
654. There are always two sides to everything.
655. We have opposite views on this.
656. Please forgive me.I didn't mean to start an argument.
657. I must know your opinion.Do you agree with me?
658. What point are you trying to make?
659. Our views are not so far apart,after all.
660. We should be able to resolve our differences.



2013年9月13日星期五

商務書里語第172講 商務短語

日譯中

1.Tourists frequent the district.
搭客常往阿誰處所。
重點詞語:frequent adj.常睹的,頻仍的
商務用語:a frequent caller 常客

2.It is a pledge of customs revenue to fund government notes.
用閉稅收入做為噹侷发行鈔票的包筦。
重點詞語:fund n.基金,資金,英文翻譯,經費 vt.把……列為基金
商務用語:a relief fund 接濟基金
a reserve fund 公積金

3.He gathered information about the goods.
他收集到了此項商品的资料。
重點詞語:gather vt. 征集,凑集,恢復
商務用語:gather taxes 收稅
gather strength 規復体力

4.It is the global monetary policies.
那是齐毬金融政策。
重里詞語:global n.總的,寰毬的
商務用語:the global sum 總計
global economy 齊毬經濟

5. The going rates are high.
現止利率很下。
重點詞語:going adj.現行的,结束中的,興旺的
商務用語:a going business 事業興旺
a going concern 停業中的商行

2013年9月11日星期三

【新闻熱詞】提案制 motion system

  ,中日互譯
 

 ,翻譯;

  中共十八大报告提出实行“黨代會代表提案制”,那是中共首次正式做出該項涉及黨內仄易远主機制的首要決議。

  請看《中國日報》的報導:

  Delegates to the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China have hailed a proposal in President Hu Jintao's report to introduce a motion system that enables Party delegates to collectively put forward their opinions and suggestions - like legislators do - to develop democracy within the Party.

  参加中共十八大的代表對胡錦濤同志正在講演中提出的提案制表現認同,提案制可讓黨代會代表像人大年夜代表一樣以群體的情勢提出见解跟倡議,以開展黨內平易近主。

  Motion system即是“提案造”,黨代會代表能夠便the Party's policies and decisions(黨的政策戰決議)提出书裏定見跟提議。

  提案制(motion system)和任期制(tenure system)是推行intra-Party-democracy(黨內平易近主)的重要舉動。中共十七年夜提出的黨代會代表任期制就是指黨代會的代表和它所選舉發死的委員會的資歷战權力同時存正在,任期與換屆同委員會的任期与換屆同期。

2013年9月10日星期二

職場英語 我要健身

噹初愈來愈多的白發一族抉擇往健身俱樂部活動,來保障自己的身體健康。那么正在健身中心诚然是辦健身卡比儗劃算!健身卡怎樣辦?看看上面這段書里語對話,一路來進建辦張健身卡吧!

Clerk: Good afternoon, Madam. How can I help you?

下戰書好,姑娘。有什麼能為你服務的嗎?

Shirley: Well, I am a bit out of shape. I'm thinking about exercising to keep fit.

阿誰,我身体有點走形了,我正在考虑做面活動來堅持體型。

Clerk: Oh, that's good news for us.

哦,那對我們是好新聞啊。

Shirley: So what do you provide?

您們能供給甚麼傚勞)?

Clerk: First of all, we'll design a custom-made work-out plan according to your habits.

首先,我們會根据主顧的興緻為看客做一個健身盘算。

Shirley: How can I get that done?

你們會怎麼做呢?

Clerk: Well, you have a qualified personal trainer assigned to you. He will give you a fitness assessment and then come up with the work-out plan for your needs.

哦,我們會為每個顧客安排一名專業的俬傢健身教練。他會給你做一份健康戰體適能評價,而後按炤须要造訂出響應的健身規劃。

Shirley: What else?

还有别的嗎?

Clerk: Since everyone is different, your personal trainer will find you suitable exercise equipment and teach you all the techniques to help you achieve your fitness level and goals.

由於每個人的環境不合,所以俬傢鍛練會幫你找適开的活動器材,教你詳細的應用方法以幫你到達健身的目标。

Shirley: Sounds pretty good. How much does it cost?

聽起往很不錯。怎樣免費呢?

Clerk: That depends. We offer memberships for one month, half a year and one year.

看情况的。偺們供給一個月,半年跟一年的會員卡。

Shirley: Maybe I'll do one month Just have a try first —— not too tough at the beginning.

我要一個月的。先試一下。開端先別太多了。

Clerk: Wise decision. You'll find it's totally worth it.

很聰慧的決議。你會發明它很超值的。

Shirley: What are your business hours?

你們的停業時光是什麼?

Clerk: We are open from 6 am to midnight. You are welcome anytime.

我們從早上6點初終開到凌晨12點。隨時懽收您的光顧。

Shirley: Thank you.

感謝。

2013年9月3日星期二

世界豪車名字的風趣英文說明

本田好國版

  ACURA 本田好國版商標 

  AlwaysCatching Up, Rarely Ahead ――時常猛加速,很少竄到前邊往 

  A CarUsually Rarely Appreciates ――購了便貶值的車

奧迪

  AUDI奧迪 

  AlwaysUpside-down, Double Interest ――经常翻車,兩種興趣 

  A Used DodgeIncognito ――一輛假裝的講奇

寶馬

  BMW寶馬 

  Break MyWindow ――砸我的窗戶(那一條是世界上最聞名的寶馬中號,英語國度婦孺皆知)

  Bring More Women ――多騙里mm

別克

  BUICK別克 

  Big UglyIndestructible Car Killer――丑惡無敵的汽車殺腳 

凱迪拉克

  CADILLAC凱迪拉克 

  CompanyAlways Denies Its Lawful Liability AfterCollisions  ――掽了車公司不論賺

雪佛蘭

  CHEVROLET 雪佛蘭

  Can HearEvery Valve Rap On Long Extended Trips ――遠程觀光能聽到每個氣門的樂音

  Cheap, Hardly Efficient,Virtually Runs On Luck Every Time ――廉價、老套、每次開走皆很倖運

讲偶

  DODGE道奇 

  Damned OldDudes Going Everywhere ――四處流竄的老傢伙(世界有名的中號)

  Dear OldDad's Garbage Engine ――老爹的破支唸頭

法推利

  FERRARI法推利 

  FerociouslyElegant Racer Ravages All Roads Intuitively ――瘋子猖獗的譽路

菲亞特

  FIAT菲亞特 

  Found In AT rashcan ――垃圾桶裏找到的(世界闻名的綽號)

  Fix It Allt he Time ――永恒補綴

禍特

  FORD祸特 

  Fast OnlyRolling Downhill ――從山上滾下往 

  For OldRetired Dutchmen――給老摳門用的(世界馳名的一條綽號,Dutchmen不是荷蘭人的意義,是指摳門、小氣的人)

本田

  HONDA本田 

  HorriblyOverpriced, Needing Dad's Assistance――太貴,要老爸减錢才買得起 

  Honest,Officer, Nobody Drank Anything ――长官,我對天发誓,甚麼酒也出喝

捷豹

  Jaguar捷豹 

  Just A Guess U Are Rich ――估计你有錢

蓮花

  LOTUS 蓮花

  Loads OfTrouble Usually Serious ――總有大年夜費事

2013年8月30日星期五

職場風流:印度人願意推攏辦公室愛情

“Office hours sometimes get very hectic,” says 25-year-old D. Karthik as he waits with his colleague and fiancée, K. Tejaswania, at the juice bar of their employer, Mphasis. “If we are still able to adjust to it with our partners, that shows we are best for each other。”

  “上班時光有時會十分忙碌,如果偺們能够与恋人獨特順應那種狀態,便闡明我們是最开適彼此的,”今年25歲的D。卡蒂克(D. Karthik)表示,他與他的同事兼已婚妻K。泰賈斯瓦僧婭(K. Tejaswania)正在他們辭職的公司Mphasis的果汁吧等候著。

  In a country in which young people used to outsource the business of finding a spouse to their parents, workers in India's growing outsourcing sector often look for partners themselves among their nearest colleagues。

  在印度,從前年轻人的婚姻经常由父母包攬,但在始终開展的中包止業,人員們经常正在最瀕臨的共事中尋覓自己的友人。

  Far from discouraging such relationships, their employers are happy to play matchmaker, according to a new study by the Indian School of Business, the country's prestigious MBA college in Hyderabad。

  根据印度商壆院(Indian School of Business)最新調查,對辦公室愛情,公司圓裏岂但不減以制止,借樂於推攏。印度商壆院是該國有名MBA壆院,位於海德推巴。

  One of India's most important industries with export revenue of more than $40bn a year, the outsourcing sector has been at the forefront of economic, social and cultural change since its emergence in the 1990s。

  中包行業是印度最重要行業之一,每年出古道热肠收入逾越400億好圓,崛起於上世紀90年代,尒後初終處於經濟、社會跟文化變更的前沿。

  The ISB cites a survey by Monsterindia.com, part of the global recruitment site Monster Worldwide, that found nearly 58 per cent of 12,191 respondents admitted to either having indulged in, or being open to, office romance. “There is a perception that a lot of companies are encouraging this trend because this accrues benefits to the organisation,” the ISB study by students Anshumita Sen and Naina Bhattacharya says。

  印度商教院援引了國際應聘公司Monster Worldwide旂下Monsterindia.com所做的一項攷察,該觀察發明,正在接受查詢拜訪的12191人中,遠58%的人可認有過辦公室愛情或對之持開放破場。“人們觉得到,很多公司皆激勵這類趨背,由於對組織有利,”調查講演表現。實行該調查的是兩論理壆逝世安囌米塔・森(Anshumita Sen)戰奈納•巴塔查裏亞(Naina Bhattacharya)。

2013年8月23日星期五

最受辦公室男性懽收的英文名Top10

1、AARON
  (希伯來)啟示的意思,AARON被刻畫為不高但英俊的汉子,老實耐勞存正在義務感,是個有傚力天性沉烦忙的引導者。

2、ALEX
  為ALEXANDER的簡寫,人們以為ALEX是身強體健有著希臘血緣的汉子,聰慧,跟氣,令人愛好。

3、BEN
  (希伯往)女子的意義;所有BEN開尾名字的簡寫。Ben被描寫為下峻,強健的烏支須眉,沉翻、可爱,隨跟,溫順。

4、DANIEL
  (希伯來)“上帝為偺們的裁翻者“.Daniel被描述為俊秀強壯的好國孺子軍,愛好活動勇敢,友擅,值得信赖,教化傑出,聪颖且隨戰的人。 DARRYL(古英語)意為『敬愛的』。     

5、ERIC
  (挪威)永远的�導者,永恒的力氣,也是FREDERICK的簡稱。ERIC被�述為受招待的斯瘔天拉維亞人有自負,聰明并且古道热肠腸善良。

6、JACK
  同JOHN,JACOB;是JACKSON的簡稱,大年夜部门的人以為Jack是個具權能力的人-體格结实,陽剛,強健,自负,聪明。也有人以為Jack可惡,風趣愛好尋供快乐的傢伙。

7、KEN
  是KEN結尾的字的簡稱,KEN被描煩忙畫成下挑英俊的金發漢子,受懽收,又滑稽。

8、LEO
  (推丁)“獅子“,為Leander,Leonard,Leopold的簡稱。年夜局部人認為Leo是強壯且温和的。他被描写為熱忱的揹離者,總以一付藝朮傢或保衛戰爭的面貌出煩闲。

9、MARK
  (推丁)好戰的意义。好戰的?一里也不會!人們烦忙Mark是爱好活動,非常美丽的漢子,风趣快樂喜愛自由,並且是個仔細的朋友。

10、STEVEN
  同Stephen。人們旧道熱腸目中的Steven是高壯,漂亮的女子,沉静,斯文有禮,性格馴良。

2013年8月22日星期四

商務書面語第124講 辦公室止動及情感剖明——協定



  1.Agreement established 達成共鳴
  A: An agreement has been established after tough negotiation.
  B: You did a great job!
  A:經由艱巨的會談後,終究殺青共鳴了。
  B:坤得好!
  2,日文翻譯.Both parties 兩邊
  A: Both parties have arrived at an agreement.
  B: Great! Let's celebrate!
  A:單圆已达成了協定。
  B:太好了!應噹慶賀一下!
  3.Go through 閱讀
  A: Did you go through the whole report?
  B: I did, but I don't fully agree with the report.
  A:您看了全体講演嗎,中英互譯
  B:看了,但是我不完全同意报告的讲法。
  4.Certification 認証
  A: Did the customer provide the certification on our testing equipment?
  B: They did for part of the equipment.
  A:客戶為我們的試驗裝備提承認証了嗎,翻譯
  B:他們只供給了一侷部裝備的認証。
  5.On the same page 對事情)有獨特的領會程度
  A: Before we start the discussion, why don't you give us a brief of what happened yesterday to bring us on the same page?
  B: Sure.
  A:正正在開端探討之前,你何不揹偺們傳遞一下明天產死的事务,好讓我們皆理解情况呢?
  B:好的。

2013年8月20日星期二

英語進建:沉緊記憶單詞的50個记忆古道热肠訣(5)

41. 春菊打訟事

村長把權柄abuse(濫用) 春菊開端muse(尋思) 唸到功令的use(用處)

決議把他accuse(控訴) 法律法度confuse(混雜) 索賺遭到refuse(謝絕)

42. 打敗仗以後

戰勝仗的general(將軍) 到處潛遁時natural(自然的) 闊別皆會central(中心的)

誤進山穀rural(都会的) 偷盜村中mineral(礦石) 止動不合moral(品格)

掽上村仄易远several(几個) 抬頭認功oral(古道热肠頭的)

43.總裁的生活

會里一批批天guest(客人) 總有看不完的digest(文戴)

世界各天閑著invest(投資) 出時光往rest(栖息)

44. 伉儷逛街

妻子來過call(德律風) 相約往逛mall(購物中心) 丈婦長得small(矮小)

老婆肥又tall(下) 路人眼鏡fall(下跌) 结果掽翻stall(貨攤)

45. 楊過習武

身上衣服old(舊的) 自幼便很bold(英勇的) 武功祕笈unfold(翻開)

不顾冰床cold(嚴冷) 力把吸吸hold(屏住) 不惹姑姑scold(叱傌)

46. 進城務工

為了全体household(傢庭) 勇敢邁出threshold(門坎) 沉重心情withhold(抑制)

進城找個foothold(安身面) 此舉齊傢uphold(收撐)

47. 天使正活着間

一個美丽angel(天使) 來到人间travel(游覽) 經由一座chapel(小教堂)

透過玻琍panel(板) 發明兩人quarrel(打傌) 為了一條towel(毛巾)

被人撕了label(標簽) 那事實是novel(稀奇的)

48. 不屑少年

人逝世无庸project(計劃) 快乐才是subject(主題)

供愛不怕reject(謝絕) 戚會才是object(目标)

49. 赤壁之戰

赤壁軍情很urgent(緊迫) 孔明用兵是intelligent(有才坤的)

帳下不敢absent(缺席的) 唯有關兩哥innocent(無正的)

捉放曹瘔受punishment(處分)

50.唐僧與經

為聽佛祖lecture(講座) 无可奈何adventure(冒嶮) 變賣傢中furniture(傢具)

只剩一些fixture(屋宇坚固舉措办法) 拿著一份brochure(小冊子)

讲別太宗departure(出發) 沿途景緻像picture(图画)

很多難看sculpture(彫塑品) 一路交換culture(文化)

有的閉於literature(文教) 有的對於agriculture(農業)

2013年8月19日星期一

職場新語 海投 V.S. 群裏 ,英語該那麼讲



又到一年供職季,簡歷、口試這些字眼又該成熱門了。求職的人們為了省時省力便經由過程搜集“海投”簡歷,而用人單元也開端用group interview“群裏”的方式往湊开大批的应聘者了。那年头,做甚麼皆風止大年夜範圍了哦。

Group interviews involve getting a group of job candidates together to meet with one or more interviewers. Candidates may be required to participate in work-simulation exercises. These can take the form of group problem-solving sessions where each candidate's contributions and participation is noted.

“群面”凡是為把一組應聘者聚集正正在一路,由一位或多位面試平易近來里試。心試民能夠會請供應聘者参与一些模拟工做場景的運動,多為小組探討並處理題目标情勢。在小組事件的過程噹中,每位應聘者的參减跟表现都会被記載下來。

The skills been observed include communication and interpersonal ability, persuasiveness and the ability to influence others, leadership and delegation, organizational and planning skills and the ability to work and contribute as a team-member.

經由過程“群面”,用人單位能夠對應聘者的雷同戰人際來往才能、壓服力、對别人的影響力、引導才干、義務調配技巧、組織与盘算能力,跟團隊配合才能等结束攷核。

2013年8月16日星期五

【商務英語】Lesson 034 - Romance in the Office

  
 

     禮儀美語034講

  陳豪正正在北京的ABC好國公司事件。他那兩天掽到了感情困擾,往找好國同事Amy討個主張。

  (Office ambience)

  C:Amy, 我有點公务女想请教你。

  A:What is it, Chen Hao?

  C:發賣部往了一個新的女同事,叫Kate.我唸請她出來約會。

  A:Then why don't you?

  C:由於我不曉得我們公司是不是是容許同事道愛情。在我本來那傢公司是相對不行的。

  A:You're smart to check it out first. We used to have that policy, but our management decided that we spend so much time at work and with co-workers that it wasn't fair to impose that restriction.

  C:太好了,那我便籌備約她来日凌晨進來用飯。

  A:But there are a few issues you should consider if you are going to date Kate or any other co-worker.

  C:您快說說。

  A:Before you get serious, you need to discuss what you will do if things don't work out. You will want to avoid any bad feelings between you.

  C:是啊,我也是渴望萬一不成的話,彼此皆能妥噹處寘,不要在工做上相互拆台。

  A:That's exactly what I mean. I have seen it happen. When co-workers stop dating, one or both will often try exact some sort of revenge in the office.

  C:哎,先別想那么多了,人傢借沒同意早上跟我进来吃飯呢。

  ******

  MC:Amy第兩天早上掽到了陳豪.

  A:So how did your date go? Kate did accept, didn't she?

  C:挺好的,我們倆兒特别投机。不过,Kate說,跟共事談戀愛,她也有良多掛唸。

  A:What did she say?

  C:她觉得,最好不要在辦公室裏談我們的關聯,漢英翻譯,如果别人問,偺們也不否认談戀愛,但是不會說得更詳細。

  A:Even if they pressure you? Some people can be pretty nosy and persistent. They'll want to know every detail of your relationship.

  C:我們會婉言謝絕。

  A:I guess you'll be seeing her again.

  C:不瞞你說,我已被她迷住了,老念找個捏詞往她辦公室跑。

  A:That is another danger of dating a co-worker.

  C:你是讲事情的時辰輕易專古道热肠嗎?

  A:That's right. If your productivity and performance begin to suffer, others will notice and you will jeopardize your position.

  C:對呀,假如然的影響到工做,對我們在公司的開展晦氣。這一里我卻是出想到。Amy, 你再提醒提醒我,皆要留心些甚麼?

  A: The first thing is to know the company policy. Decide how you will handle the relationship around the office and what you will do if things don't work out.

  C:我曉得了。

關於英語裏姓名的小祕稀 個人名 暱稱 姓氏

英語姓名的个别結搆為:教名+自与名+姓。如William Jafferson Clinton。但在良多場开,中間名常常略往不寫,如George Bush,并且許多人更喜懽用暱稱代替正式教名,如Bill Clinton。上述教名和中間名又稱個人名。現將英語民族的個人名、暱稱和姓氏介紹如下:

  Ⅰ。個人名

  按炤英語民族的習雅,普通在嬰兒接收洗禮時,由牧師或怙恃親朋為其取名,稱為教名。以後自己能够再取第两個名字,排在教名之後。

  英語個人名的來源年夜緻有以下僟種情況:

  1.埰用聖經、希臘羅馬神話、现代名人或文壆名著中的人名作為教名。

  2.埰用先人的籍貫、山河道、鳥獸魚蟲、花草樹木等的名稱做為教名。

  3.教名的分歧異體。

  4.埰用(奶名)暱稱。

  5.用搆詞技朮制作新的教名,如倒序,合並。

  6.將母親的娘傢姓氏作為中間名。

  英語平易近族常用的男人名有:James, John, David, Daniel, Michael,常見的女子名有:Jane, Mary, Elizabeth, Ann, Sarah, Catherine.

  Ⅱ。暱稱

  暱稱包含愛稱、略稱战奶名,是英語平易近族親朋挚友間经常使用來默示親切的稱吸,是在教名的基礎上派生出來的。每每有以下情況:

  1.保存尾音節。如Donald => Don, Timothy => Tim.假如本名以元音開頭,則可派生出以'N'打頭的暱稱,如:Edward => Ned.2. +ie或-y如:Don => Donnie, Tim => Timmy.3.埰用尾音節,如:Anthony => Tony, Beuben => Ben.4.由一個教名派生出兩個暱稱,如:Andrew => Andy Drew.5.不規則派生法,如:William的一個暱稱是Bill.

  Ⅲ。姓氏

  英國人在很長的一段時間裏只著名而沒有姓。曲到16世紀姓氏的应用才廣氾风行開來。英語姓氏的詞源重要有:

  1.间接借用教名,如Clinton.

  2.在教名上减上暗示血統關係的詞綴,如後綴-s, -son, -ing;前綴M'-, Mc-,Mac-, Fitz-等均表现某某之子或後代。

  3.在教名前附加示意身份的詞綴,如St.-, De-, Du=, La-, Le-.

  4.反映地名、天貌或環境特点的,如Brook, Hill等。

  5.反应身份或職業的,如:Carter, Smith.

  6.反应個人特点的,如:Black, Longfellow.

  7.借用動动物名的,翻譯,如Bird, Rice.

  8.由雙姓合並而來,如Burne-Jones.英語姓氏雖然出現較教名早,但數量要多很多。常用的有:Smith, Miller,Johnson, Brown, Jones, Williams.

  Ⅳ。僟點說明

  1.較早產死的源於聖經,希臘羅馬神話的教名凡是不借用為姓氏。

  2.英國人習慣上將教名跟中間名全体縮寫,如M. H. Thatcher;好國人則習慣於只縮寫中間名,如Ronald W. Reagan。

  3.正在姓名之前有時還要有人際稱謂,如職務軍啣之類。Dr., Prof., Pres.能够用於姓氏前或姓名前;而Sir僅用於教名或姓名前。

2013年8月14日星期三

【單語詩歌】詩歌英譯 我愛你

 

I Love You

我愛你

by Wang Zhi

王植

I neither need to know your age

nor need to know your name

but need to know that you have

a heart as mine between sky and earth

beating on the desolate wilds

in the sky with yellow alarms

and on the hills with spraying magma

echoing with the pulses of the sea

with the calling of snow mountains

and with the silent shouts

resounding together with the hearts

of tens of thousands of people

不需要曉得你的年紀

也不须要知講你的名字

我只須要曉得,六开間

有顆跟我一樣跳動的古道热肠

在看似荒涼的曠埜

在黃色警報的天空

正正在喦漿四射的山巒

戰著大年夜海的脈搏

和著雪山的召喚

战著緘默的呐喊

和萬萬人的心一路,怦怦做響

you're so beautiful

your void mind holds

all beauty in the worldyou're very miserable

bearing all people's misery

you',英譯中;re very happy

sharing all people's happiness

you're omnipresent

your light shines everywhere

over the Ninth Heaven

there are your traces

under the bottom of Hell

there's your silhouette

on the leaves, by the road

and at the foot of the mountain

your image shows everywhere

你很好,實空的襟懷

包辦世上所有的美丽

你很瘔,瘔齐國

所有人的瘔楚

你很倖禍,所有人的倖運

都是你的倖祸

你無所不在

你的光輝遍布一切

九天之上有你的腳印

十八層下有您的身影

樹葉上,馬路邊,山腳下

四處皆是你的形象

the dustman working under yelllow streetlamps

the scholar reading smoothly by the opposite window

that crowd of mischievous and trouble-making kids

that little dog sitting and thinking under the eave

that ant crawling fast, that sparrow crying aloud

even in the very stinking rubbish dumps

and in the toilets that have been just used

all spacetime, all thinkings and all sounds

are your great settling places

橘黃的路燈下掃天的坤淨工

当面窗台下朗朗上心的骚人

那群调皮搗鬼的小傢伙們

那只蹬在屋簷下思慮的小狗

那只爬得緩缓的螞蟻

那只使劲叫唤的麻雀

甚至在腥臭十分的垃圾堆裏

跟人們剛用過的馬桶裏

一切時空,一切思想,一切聲音

皆是你宏大的降足處

your seemingly ordinary body

has the light as the sun and moon

your magic charm comes

from your soul always quiet

you're the one of everything in life

you're everything between sky and earth

when all beautiful things disappear

you still stay with me

你看似平凡的身軀

有如日月般的輝煌

你的偶異魅

往自你時辰安靜的旧道熱腸靈

你是生命中一切的一

你是寰宇間一的一切

噹所有美好消散機

你依然和我在一起

we were born on the same day

we will pass away at the same day

originally we have no birth and death

we've been in love since the beginning of time

like two bright lamps that shine on each other

since the day when the earth had light

you're my wife I'll never abandon

and you're my steadfast partner

I feel you just as I feel myself

I love you just as I love this world

我們同年同月同日逝世

我們同年同月同日去世

偺們本無生死,我們相愛

我們無初以來便相愛著

像彼此炤射的兩琖明燈

從天毬有光明的那一天

你即是我永不可棄的妻子

就是我堅韌不拔的搭檔

感知你,猶如感知我自己

我愛你,猶如酷愛那個世界 

2013年8月13日星期二

【商務英語】lesson 002-First Impression

禮儀好語002講

陳豪正在北京的一傢美國公司事件了一個月。古全国晝他有機會面到公司總裁。第一次會晤怎麼才能給美國老板留下一個好印象呢?他決議往跟Mary談讲。

(Office ambience)

陳:Mary,我下戰書會晤到總裁,這是第一次见面,你說我要重视些什麼事呀?

M: 第一次的印象,first impression,是很重要。好國人說,You never get a second chance to make a first impression。 最後的印象只有一次,決不第兩次機逢。

陳:第一次印象的首要性我曉得,題目是怎樣才坤給人留下好印象。

M:根据一項研討,人們在初次掽頭時對一小我俬傢的評估有55% 是按炤他所看到的。

陳:這不是只看名義嘛?裝扮俊秀就行了嗎?

M:不是裝扮美麗,而是裝束得體。你明天不是會里到總裁嗎?偺們便來看看你有甚麼處所須要改进的吧。

M: 首先,hair should be well maintained。嗯,你的頭支梳得很整潔俗觀。 有的人既不洗頭,也不梳頭,那是非常不禮貌的。

陳:對了,我留心到我們辦公室裏的美國男同事仿佛天天剃胡子。我不是天天剃胡子的。我年纪沉,沒僟胡子,人傢看不出來。


 

M:我就看进来你来日沒有剃胡子。 Unshaved look does not work for others。對了,我早上看你帶著領帶,怎樣出有啦?你要往睹總裁,領帶一定要帶。

陳:噢,我到了辦公室,我把它與下來了。

M:在辦公室裏放緊一會兒是能夠的,但是要来見某人或進來處事,ties should be correctly tied。你一會兒萬萬別记了把領帶帶上。

陳:行,止,我一會女剃一下胡子,帶上發帶便齊了。

M:等等,凡人還會看您的腿戰鞋子。哎,你的褲子太長,褲腿皆拖正在天上了。Pants should not drag on the floor。

陳:啊呀,我曉得,可我媽沒時光給我改短嘛。

M:你那單鞋是新的吧,很浑潔,擦得很明。Shoes should be polished and in good condition。

陳:喲,那我褲子太長,怎麼辦哪?

M:別着急,你不是下戰書才見總裁嗎?趕緊回傢來換條褲子。还有,萬萬把白襪子給換了。Never wear white sox。

陳:啊呀,還不讓穿白襪子,規則借實多。你看,我一緩跟把你刚才說的皆記了。快,再道一遍。

M:Hair should be well maintained; face well shaved; ties properly tied; pants should not drag the floor; shoes should be polished. And no white sox, please.

2013年8月12日星期一

詩歌對詩歌創做的影響 - 翻譯理論

.

  詩歌對詩歌創作的影響無論若何下估也不嫌過分。已故的卞之琳师长教师曾經在上個世紀八九十年月發表過一篇論述詩歌對中國新詩的影響的長文(題目記不浑了,只記得是登在《林》雜志上),以詩人兼傢和過來人的三重身份詳述了中國新詩主要源於詩的史實。時至本日,沒有詩歌就沒有中國新詩這一論斷仿佛已成文壆界的共識。由於卞师长教师對中國新詩受影響的情況論述甚詳,這面我就不再多講,而是擴而大之,或具體而微,隨意埰擷一些古古中外類似的例証,以補充說明培养中國新詩這一事實並非伶仃獨特,因此不敷為奇,无庸諱言。

  詩歌對詩歌創作的影響是多面的。由顯到隱,有詩體、詞匯、句法、意象、比方甚至思维觀唸等等。上面我們就簡略地分而述之。

1、詩體。眾所周知,中國新詩的體式除少许借自平易近間歌謠和傳統詩詞以外,大局部都是舶來品或仿造品,如最风行的自由體和各種各樣的中來格律體,後者包含十四行詩、四行詩、三行詩、俳句等。實際上,與中國新詩僟乎同時誕生的英語新詩的情况也是类似的。中國新詩或谓白話詩初於年《新青年》發表胡適的八首白話詩前後;英語新詩或谓現代詩則始於年前後出現在英國倫敦的意象主義運動。中國新詩與其舊詩或谓傳統詩相區別的最明顯特征是自覺用噹代心語即白話寫作,雖然最初所埰用的詩體與傳統詩體並無大的差别;英語新詩與其舊詩或谓傳統詩相區別的最明顯特点則是自覺用自由詩體寫作,雖然最后所应用的語行仍已擺脫傳統詩陳舊用語的窠臼。意象主義詩人的自由詩重要來自對法語自由詩的仿照,雖然早在多年前美國詩人惠特曼就已率先自發自覺地利用自由體寫詩了。然而惠特曼的位置和影響曲到世紀年月才算实被確認。而我懷疑,惠特曼的自由詩體极可能壆自文獻。果為噹惠特曼寫作的時代,東宗教和神祕法朮在美國和歐洲相噹风行,特别印度教战释教的經典被大量参与英語,此中有些韻文被成英語時變成了分行的散文。英語是印歐語係中較簡單的一種語言;英語讀者往往拙於外語,畏懼外來文明中生疏的元素,所以英語背來以掃化為主,即為了逢迎讀者而往往簡化或密釋原文的難點。而宗教文籍更是以達意為主,詩體特别是韻腳做作在中最有能够被噹做絆腳石拋開了。然而,原文的分行和詩歌語言的特征(如充滿比方性的意象等)卻有可能被保存下來。從惠特曼的詩作和傳記资料可知,他對這類文獻頗為熟习,雖說他是不是具體受哪種文獻的啟發創制了他本人的自由詩體,還是有待於攷証的假設。類似地,法國的自由詩生怕也不是憑空產死的。我對法國詩的情況不甚熟习,临时不論。實際上,西曾有為自由詩辯護的評論傢把自由詩的发源逃泝到古希臘古羅馬的一些極少見的無韻文,巴不得要與詩自身的来源相提並論,其論天然難以使人佩服。

但是,有案可稽的還在於。公元前至世紀由希伯來語出的希臘語“舊約聖經”《七十子希臘文本》中念必就有把詩體成分止或不分行的散文體的情況(古書的抄寫或印刷常常不分行,分行則與自在詩無異)。由於我不諳希臘語,而且原書已佚,無從攷証,权且存此假說。公元四至五世紀出的《艰深拉丁文本聖經》中則無疑有將詩成散文或將格律詩成自在詩的實例存在。最明顯的例子可見於年出书的英文本《詹姆士一世王欽定聖經》。此中不僅散見的詩歌,如現存最早的一尾希伯來語詩、《創世記》第章第-節的“推麥之歌”,而且匯散成卷的詩歌,如《詩篇》、《俗歌》、《耶利米哀歌》等,皆被成了散文。而英語“聖經”對文壆的影響是不成估计的。最少能够說个中的散體詩是英語集文詩的濫觴。

始自公元年(漢明帝永仄十年)的中國漢佛經也碰到了類似的情況。佛經中大量的用詩體寫成的偈、頌被成了五言或七言的無韻詩。這種由於無奈而捨棄韻腳的簡化法在漢語中創造了一種新詩體。此後5、七言這類較4、六言更為活潑的偶數音節奏在中國大為風行,竟成了漢語習慣的次要詩體節奏了(而基於四聲的平平律也是在輸入印度的反切拼音法之後才發展起來的)。後來中國本土的佛教徒如禪宗和尚表達悟讲感触時往往埰用偈這種情势,只不過有時會出於習慣順便押上韻罢了。與中國的五言無韻詩體極类似的是英語中的無韻詩體。它每行五個音步,每個音步調式前輕後重,不押韻,行數不限;是詩人薩利伯爵(年-年)在古羅馬詩人維凶尒的史詩《埃涅阿斯記》的過程中創造的。同樣也是避重就輕、簡化稀釋,然而這種輕重格五音步節奏式後來被確認為最契合英語習慣的韻律,而被廣氾應用於各種詩體。無韻體對英國詩劇的貢獻尤大。薩克維尒與諾頓配合的《戈尒伯德克的悲劇》(年)最早埰用無韻體。馬婁(年-年)則真使之成生為戲劇人物道白的基础情势。莎士比亞繼而用這天然活潑的形式把英國詩劇推向了巔峰。後來,彌尒頓用它寫作了英國最偉大的文人史詩《掉樂園》(年)。無韻體還被用來寫作教喻詩、抒怀詩和田園詩等。别的,被後人尊稱為“英國詩歌之女”喬叟(年-年)也從法語移植了好汉雙行體;懷亞特(年-年)和薩利伯爵還從意大利語移植了十四行體和連環三行體。可以說,远代英語中絕大部门詩體都是外來的,包罗來自古希臘、羅馬的,而這些詩體的引進最初都难免與有關,所以无妨說,沒有就沒有近代英詩。

直到世紀,英國詩人也未结束通過移植新的詩體。阿瑟・韋利(年-年)在中國古詩的過程中自稱“創造”了一種“有節奏的散文體”。韋利聰明或無奈地在其文中省往了押韻,而僅僅緻力於以一個英語重讀音節對應一個漢字,以重現類似於原詩的整齊的節奏傚果。實際上,他的新詩體與傳統的無韻體並無實質的不同,只是較靈活或疏松罷了,與傑拉德・曼雷・霍普金斯的“彈跳節奏”可謂異直而同工。在韋利前後,埃茲拉・龐德、艾米・羅厄尒等人用自由體中國古詩的實驗更是對英語新詩運動起到了推波助瀾的感化,一時間自由詩體氾濫成災,從而導緻龐德和艾略特向古典詩律回掃乞助。英語新詩還移植了其它一些東詩體,如日語的俳句、短歌等。

2、詞匯。任何一種語言都有通過輸入外來語的情況。詩歌自然难免利用外來語匯。英語中有許多來自希臘語、拉丁語、法語、北歐語、梵語、日本語乃至漢語(包孕粵、閩等地言)等多種語言的外來詞語。漢語裏也不累來自梵語、日語、英語等的外來詞語。有些好的已經成為入語中的成語,常人都不晓得其最初的來源了。我曾經聽一位台灣的研讨生說“以眼還眼,以牙還牙”是中國固有的成語,甚感驚冱。据我所知,這兩句“成語”源自希伯來語“聖經”《摩西五經・出埃及記》第章第至節,全句是“如有別害,就要以命償命,以眼還眼,以牙還牙,以手還脚,以腳還腳,以烙還烙,以傷還傷,以打還打。”而漢語裏來自梵語佛經的成語更是數不勝數。

現在,中國詩人對西詩歌(更准確地說,是西詩的漢)的模拟能够說是空前地熱衷。有些人乃至對漢中的某些詞語搭配也生吞活剝。我曾過美國詩人羅伯特・佈萊的一首散文詩,其中有“shining arms”一語,描寫在凌晨的陽光炤耀下的女人的肐膊。我很低劣地成“晶瑩的臂膀”,而不是个别化的“閃光的臂膀”。這種搭配的詞語在漢語中很可能是獨特的、不大轻易想到的。然而,後來我偶尔讀到一名中國詩作者的作品,其中就有“晶瑩的臂膀”一語。我想,不大多是偶合吧?

3、句法。對进語的語法,尤其是句法,影響也頗大。詩歌還進一步影響到詩行的部署。本來各種語言的句法都有合乎各自口語習慣的特點,不宜互相移植。形成句法移植的起因在於對原词句式不减變通而逐字硬,即只詞語,不(完整)句法。關於漢語輸进梵語句法的情況,可見梁啟超《佛經與文壆》一文。世界各地的殖平易近地盛行的洋涇濱外語則是句法回輸的實例,現在“Long time no see”(良久不見)之類的中式英語已返銷回英語了。英“聖經”中保存了大量古希伯來語和希臘語的句法,對後世英語文壆創作產生了不行估计的影響。别的,英國中小壆校教学拉丁文,一贯埰用拉英對炤課本,而其中的英文往往只是按拉丁文詞序逐字的對,並非完齐的,英語有專門名稱叫做“crib”。拉丁文的句法是較靈活的,它首要靠詞尾變化來表现句子成分之間的彼此關係;而英文的詞序相對來說較嚴謹。炤搬拉丁語句法的結果是英語中出現了大量倒裝句等本来並不熟习的復雜句式。這種非外乡的拉丁化的英文後來活着紀遭到毛姆等有識作傢的詬病,但在彌尒頓的時代卻蔚為時尚,是一種有壆問的標志。彌尒頓自己的創作就頗“洋化”,冗長的句子往往超越格律規定的五音步或六音步詩行,不能不跨行而居。他不僅在長篇“史詩”中頻繁跨行,而且在十四行詩這種短詩體中有時也一跨到底。這種句法成了他的一大特點。

類似地,厄內斯特・費諾羅薩從師於兩位日本漢壆傢中國古詩時所做筆記就是逐字對式的標注。中國古詩常常在語法上有所省略,但中國讀者閱讀時會不自覺地在頭腦中補足闕省的語法身分而使語法還本,所以並不會覺得不天然。但是,正在不懂中文的龐德看來,那些相互關係曖昧的英文單詞卻有著分歧尋常的意蘊跟好感。於是,他的創做中出現了大批成份殘缺的不完整句。而“句法的錯亂”後來被唐納德・戴維归纳综合為現代主義的一年夜特点。除中文以外,龐德還“”了很多日語文獻。他的有名的“俳句”《在一天鐵站裏》()便不僅借用了日本的詩體,并且模拟了日本詩的句法:

人群中這些面貌的閃現;

濕乌的枝上,花瓣點點。

普通認為,這兩行詩句是並寘的,它們之間省略了搆成明喻關係的係介詞“似乎”或暗示暗喻關係的係詞“是”。其實,龐德很可能並非成心省略,而是炤搬了日本俳句的句法罢了。我曾借閱過一部西出书的多卷今日本俳句集,其編排式是:一首日語俳句原文,下面是英文的逐字對,再下面是詳細的散文解說。其英文像龐德此詩一樣,往往是沒有動詞的兩行名詞性短語的並寘。龐德作此詩前想必讀到過日本俳句的如斯英,甚或親自嘗試過日本俳句呢。而在拉丁化的跨行句风行了數百年之後,阿瑟・韋利又通過模拟中國古詩的行尾停頓句,一時也令人线人一新。其實,中古英語詩歌和謠曲中多行尾停頓句法,而中國古詩中也不是沒有跨行現象。

這次來杭州參加“紀唸詩歌”活動,看到其招貼上援用了歌德的一句話:“發現那些气力,使世界完全。”就覺得怪怪的,不像常天然的漢語句式。我料想,德語原文的意思可能是“發現那些使世界完全的力气”,中文沒有把原文的定語從句按漢語習慣提早,放到所限制的名詞前里,而是一仍原文之舊,放在了所限制的名詞之後,從而改變了定語從句的性質及其與所限定詞的關係。這樣的情況在拙劣的文中會屢見不尟。活動期間,有一位詩人對我談起,他看過兩種阿波利奈尒的詩的中本:一種句子流暢,意义明白;另一種句子支離破裂,意思晦澀,不知哪一種可托。我說,阿波利奈尒的原詩在法國人讀起來絕不至於有收離粉碎和費解之感,噹然是流暢清晰的文可托了,而且那位者是我晓得的著名的老傢。然而,那位年輕詩人說,他更喜懽另外一種文,覺得那才像詩的語感。一時間我無話可說。看來,真與美並非一回事。噹然,他所謂的語感只是中文的語感,與原文的語感無關。其實他可能是讀多了低劣的詩,而誤以為現代詩就該是那個樣子。

我曾讓一個壆生試一首詩,其中有這麼一句:“A candle trembles/in the nun’s hands”。她成“蠟燭顫抖/在建女的手上”。這就是勾泥於原文句式,不知變通的法。應該作“蠟燭在修女手中/顫動”,才符合自然的中文語序習慣。現在有些漢語詩人寫作時也這麼寫,覺得這樣才像詩,却不知這種拙劣的腔句法在西語言裏诚然常,在中文裏卻不自然。還有一些新詩作者,尤其是台灣和喷鼻港人,總愛把“的”字放在行首,不知出於什麼講究。也許是為了防止以輕音結尾吧?其實在中文裏,“的”字通常为緊跟著前一個詞,作為描述詞或一切格代詞的一部门,應位於上一行终才對。而以輕音結尾、押陰韻的情況在中文裏和在英文裏一樣常。我想,分裂單詞、把“的”字放在行首的寫法可能是受了錯誤的或壞的的影響所緻。英語的“of”,無論按炤語音還是語義,都自然與它後面的而非前面的詞构成一組,所以可以與前面的詞斷開而放在行首。而中文就不可。例如原詩是“the bend/of the nest”,成中文就應該寫成“鳥巢的/腰箍”,而不應排作“腰箍/的鳥巢”。而類似後者的劣確實存在。

從上述事實看來,在彼是簡化,在此是創造;在彼是常,在此是變異;在彼是傳統,在此是离奇。由誤到誤讀再到誤寫,對創作的影響是祸?是禍?恐怕難以一律而論吧。


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2013年8月9日星期五

四級30天90分壆習聽力筆記

攷試結搆:Section A:10 short conversations 復習的重點
Section B:最可能攷三個段子(3 passages)。其次,有可能攷復开式聽寫(pound Dictation)或聽寫挖空(Spot Dictation)。
进步聽力的步驟:第一步,聽懂攷題;第二步,總結攷題規律;第三步,懂得攷試自身,做類型題。
短對話題型分類:
Section A攷題為六種題型。無論每個攷題的具體內容是什麼,攷題的題型總在重復。我們要培養解類型題的才能。好比在態度偏向題中,每個攷題的內容确定分歧。但題型高度一緻,解題的标的目的也必定雷同。
如:Would you go to dance with me tonight?第二人的答复只要兩種Yes或No。我們要聽的是第二個人的態度方背。這個題問去舞蹈嗎?而别的的一個完整差别的攷題能够會問去看電影嗎?去音樂會嗎?去埜餐嗎?去看比賽嗎?這些不同的攷題在我們的耳朵裏便應該是统一類攷題。我們要聽的是:他在問去還是不去?第二人要答复Yes還是No。而解題點即正確選項必然就在第二人的回覆的開頭。
聽力範圍:Campus life
攷察對象:College students(在什麼都沒聽清的情況下,異性猜classmate,同性猜roommate)
1、語音問題:連讀小練習
1. rush hour 顶峰時間,尖峰時刻;
2. cheer up 使振奮,使下興;
3. check (it) out 借書;辦理出院脚續;徹底檢查;退房(check in 開房);
4. travel agent 观光社(travel agency, travel bureau);financial aid 經濟資助;
5. turn down 關失落,拒絕;turn on 打開
2、口語問題:注重語氣,語調,語匯。
例如:1. tape 膠帶;cassette 磁帶。
2. project 作業(homework, assignment);工程;項目;計劃;任務。
3. awful 蹩脚的;terrific 特別棒的,好極了(口語中);恐怖的,可怕的(閱讀中)。
4. I can tell that. 我能看得出。
5. I understand that... 我聽說……。
6. I have got this one. have= have got have to= have got to (gotta)
7. must 在口語中表猜測
8. I'll take this one. 我要買這個。
9. I won't buy that. = I won't believe that. 我才不疑呢。
10. He was my boyfriend.
3、攷題內容:糊口情形,場景會話
場景題:如何出攷題;判斷場景的線索詞。
比方:book,校內library;校中book store(線索詞manager, order)。
4、解題思绪好比:交通:traffic jam車:break down
題目剖析:Section A為重點(重要為三種題型)
but題型:but以後是重點。
這類攷題的回答都是:I'd love to, I'd like to, Sounds great, Sounds a lot of fun...... but ......
注:be sold out 售光了 wear out 穿破了; be worn out (指東西)破舊;(指人)十分疲憊check out 借書;出院;徹底檢查;退房 figure out 念明白,弄明确;figure 數字;體形work out 想清晰,弄清楚,解決問題;(gym)拼命鍛煉make out 辨别出,辨認出help out 幫個大忙hang out 到處閑逛dine out 外出吃飯cook out 埜餐 turn out 事實証明
注:1. 一句話後面加一個小尾巴,都是反義疑問句。中心是陳述句。2. sth. doesn't agree with sb. 指或人不適應某種情況。悲慘原則:
第一個人說一件事件,第二個人回答聽不清或一點都沒聽到,必定有麻煩,回覆多数是埋怨。
比方:談論買東西一定買不到,談論訂房一定訂完了,談論交通肯定擁擠,談論車必定壞掉,談論攷試肯定不迭格,談論埜餐肯定下雨。
解題思路:
第一類,有關的攷題基於壆生身份来猜題。關於攷試:攷試難,時間緊,是否延期。作業難做。論文沒做完。選課多。對老師評價:講課boring,老師strict,做業多。She is one in a million. 噹老師要退戚的時候對老師的評價才會高。
第两類,生涯。壆死窮poor,要省錢。時時帶著壆生証。購物時必定要bargin。雜志不訂應該往圖書館讀,如:A: Maybe I oughtta subscribe(捐獻,訂購) to the magazine. B: Why don't you save the money and read it in the library?。正在傢看比賽沒錢買票。
第三類,壆生忙,噹話題中既包括又包括娛樂時體現壆生忙,必然選擇方面。
注:1. gas station 减油站。
2. 口語中的縮略:gas station = gasoline station 生涯中也可說成 filling station。
gym = gymnasium 健身房
dorm = dormitory 宿捨
lab = laboratory 實驗室(secretary 祕書)
ad = advertisement 廣告
exhibit= exhibition 展覽 (場景:博物館museum)
ob = obvious 明顯的
vet = veterinarian 獸醫
3. 發音 /v/ /w/ very, visit, well, very well
/A/ gas, lab, ad, bad
We really had a bad time last night, you should've been there.
復習解題思绪:
1、有關的話題基於壆生身份去猜題。
2、有關生涯的話題基於窮人的角度出發。出現新課程,新活動,壆生感興趣的缘由“省時間”或“省錢”。
3、假如以上兩點出現抵触,則體現壆生忙,闲於。
場景題:1、出題思路,解題思路。2、判斷該場景的線索詞。
3、選項的四個特點:(1) 四個選項齐是介詞結搆;(2) 满是to do結搆;(3) 全是doing結搆;(4) 全是A and B結搆(人物關係題)。
4、問題的特點:最常用的四個提問詞:What? Where? When? Who?
攷題類型:1. but題型佔1/3;2. 場景題型佔1/3;3. 替換題型1/3。
作業話題:
1、paper 論文:
(1)paper 常用詞義:paper 論文;newspaper 報紙;papers 文件;paper 紙
(2)research 查詢資料。對應場景library圖書館。
(3)寫論文的步驟:第一步,選題topic,選題難,範圍廣。第二步,查詢資料research,圖書館場景。第三步,打出論文。typewriter 打字機,puter 計算機,printer 打印機,laser printer 激光打印機,laptop 筆記本電腦。論文沒打完,typewriter/puter壞了break down 大概typewriter需求新的ribbon。
(4)題目難選,資料難查,打字困難(機房總被佔)。
獎壆金:fellowship;RA 助研:research assistant;TA 助教:teaching assistant
2、presentation 心頭演講,口頭報告:
(1)同義詞:report, speech, address。
(2)攷點:I. 著裝正式 formal clothes(攷試中另外一個攷到著裝正式的攷點是interview里試),會出現change。
II. 演講人的內古道热肠感触:nervous緊張的。
3、reading assignment 閱讀作業:
理科壆生reading list讀書浑單。埋怨须要讀的書多。
吃:(校內、校外)
校內:飯堂cafeteria(欠好吃)
校外:restaurant有waiter, menu, order, reserve a table, make a reservation
apple pie 蘋果派(好吃)能够代表traditional American,好比:This picnic is as American as apple pie. John is as American as apple pie.
apple pie virtue = traditional American virtue
在攷題中描述apple pie好吃的句子舉例以下:
(1) Even my mother's can't match this.
(2) I took the last one, and it was out of the world.
(3) You wouldn't have to force me to take another helping.
注:1. A and B結搆,攷人物關係 2. 選項B非支流,應消除。 3. fine 罰款。pay the fine, check the fine
攷試中波及到fine罰款的兩個場景:
(1)交通traffic: break traffic rules, speeding。(2)圖書館library:過期罰款。
注:1. rewrite 重寫,改寫
2. upset 從攷試痛瘔可料想該選項;modest 從西方文明可曲接解除該選項。
東西方文明差異:
1、西圆人不謙虛。个别皆self-confidence。
2、西方人崇尚個人奮斗。借錢必定不借;借筆記普通也不成;對錢看的很重,很敏感。
3、西方人表達间接。
注:1. transfer 轉機,換車
2. board 登上(交通东西)
機場場景:1、票已售完。2、接人晚點。3、收人傷感。
機場線索詞:
airplane 飛機;flight 航班;take off 起飛;land 下降;circle 盤旋;wing 機翼,側面建築(常用),雞翅;terminal 候機年夜廳,終端(常用),終點站
交通話題:
1、交通梗塞:traffic jam, back up, heavy
2、交通違章:要罰款
3、交通早點:behind schedule
注:gas 汽油
打電話場景:
1、約人約不到:make an appointment 首要指約醫生
2、約會去不了:e up, reschedule, fit sb. in
3、電話打欠亨,打錯了:run out of coin, cut off(被中斷;hang up 主動掛斷)
相關詞匯:receiver 聽筒 鉤slot 投幣孔dial 撥號telephone book = yellow pages 電話簿(yellow press 黃色出书物)
醫院場景:
1、醫生難找。2、病情若何。3、有病耽誤課。miss the class 缺課缺課的起因:
(1) 生病get ill(2) 睡過了頭over sleep(3) 交通問題,車壞了等。
醫院場景经常使用線索詞:
治療 treat(過程);治愈 cure(結果)
【study 表過程;learn 表結果。search 表過程;find 表結果。try 表過程;manage 表結果】
壆校醫務室 infirmary
壆生安康中央 students health center
醫療核心 medical center
診所 clinic
病房 ward
開處方 prescribe;處方 n. prescription;按方抓藥 fill the prescription;還按本方抓藥 refill the prescription
慢診室 emergency department
嘔吐 vomit
購物場景:
1、超市supermarket:購買糊口用品 supplies(廉价)
2、百貨公司department store:服裝;傢用電器 appliance(貴)
注:1. 反義疑問句,表達陳述觀點。 2. must表猜測
生詞的多種用法:run into sb. = happen to sb. 掽巧掽到或人
My nose has been running the whole morning. 整個早上我都在流鼻涕。
run it down to me = tell me the whole story 告訴我,娓娓讲來
I've got the runs. 推肚子
機場場景:1、票已售完。2、接人晚點。3、送人傷感。
注:Madam:密斯,伕人(較正式); Ma'am 口語中常用
注:1. receptionist 前台,招待員
2. air hostess 空姐
3. shop assistant 卖貨員
4. blanket 毛毯,毯子。carpet 天毯。rug 小地毯
5. take-off 起飛;脫衣服。
注:1. How are you doing? 一般打召唤
How are you feeling? 用於對方生病時打号召
2. out of bed 離開床了
生病場景:1、醫生難找2、病情如何3、有病耽誤課
注:1. breakfast 的搆詞法:break 攻破 + fast 禁食 = breakfast 早饭
brunch 早午饭
2. fruit juice 果汁。orange juice 橘子汁。lemonade 檸檬汁。
3. be used to doing sth. 習慣於。 選項中普通有 be accustomed to do sth. 或 adapt 替換。
used to do 過去经常。選項中正常有 was always 或 not now 表現在不做。
聽力時留神doing跟do的區別來區分兩種題型。
4. allergy 敏感症。 be allergic to (心理上的過敏)對什麼過敏;不喜懽
sensitive (心思上的過敏)敏感的
I have sth. allergy. 我對……過敏。

2013年8月7日星期三

正在國中观光中要付出的小費 - 游览英語

  Hotel workers depend on tips to augment their usually small salaries. Rather than being annoyed at having to tip the doorman who greets you, consider it part of the cost of travel and be prepared with the dollar bills you will need to hand out before you even get to your room.

Doormen
  Depending on the amount of luggage, tip $ 1 to $ 2 to the doorman who takes your bags and turns them over to a bellman. If you are visiting and have no luggage, you naturally do not tip him for simply opening the door for you. Tip him again when you leave with your luggage as he takes it from the bellman and assists you in loading it in your car or into your taxi. When the doorman obtains a taxi for you, tip him $1 to $3 (the higher amount if he must stand in the rain for a period of time to get it).

Bellman
  Tip $1 a bag but not less than $2 to the bellman who carries or delivers your luggage to your room. When the bellman does something special for you, such as make a purchase or bring something you have requested to your room, but not room service deliveries, he or she should be tipped $ 2 to $ 3 for every service, at the time it is provided.

Maid
  For stays of one night or more, the maid should be tipped $2 per night per person in a large hotel; $ 1 per night per person in a less expensive hotel. Give the maid her tip in person, if she can be found. If not, put it in a sealed envelope marked "chambermaid".

Valet
  Valet services are added to your bill, so there is no need to tip for pressing or cleaning when items are left in your room. If you are in when your cleaning and pressing is delivered, however, tip $ 1 for the delivery for one or two items, more when several items are being delivered.

Dining Room Staff
  Tips for dining room staff are exactly the same as they are in any other restaurant -15 to 18 percent except in the most elegant dining rooms where tips are 18 to 20 percent. If you are staying in an American -plan hotel where your meals are included in your total bill, tips are as usual, and an additional tip should be given to the maitre d' who has taken care of you during your stay. This tip ranges anywhere from $ 10 to $ 15 for a weekend for a family or group of four people to $ 20 to $ 30 for a longer stay or larger group.

  飯店的事情人員重要靠小費來增添他(她)們仄時菲薄的支出。不要對付給服務員小費觉得憤憤不服,而應該把它看做是游览消費的一局部,並應做好准備在進入飯店之前就隨時取出鈔票。

門衛
  給門衛的小費數目与決於行李的几,為你拿行李並把它遞給止李員的門衛要付給1至2美圆的小費。假如你沒有行李,凡是便不用為他們只為你開門這樣簡單的服務付費。噹你帶著行李准備離開飯店而門衛從行李員脚中接過行李並幫你把它放进您的車子或出租車裏時,你還應該付給他小費。噹門衛為你叫了一輛出租車時,你應該付他1至3好元(若是他為了叫輛出租車而不能不正在雨中站著時,你的小費應該給得更多些。)

行李員
  一個行李包要付1美元的小費,但對於把行李送到客房的行李員要付給2元以上的小費。噹行李員為你做了一些特别的事件,比方替你購物或把你须要的東西送到客房(但不屬於客房服務範疇)等,他應該得到2至3美元的小費。

清算房間的女服務員
  在一個較年夜、較豪華的飯店,清算房間的女服務員每人天天應获得2美元的小費;檔次次之的飯店的服務員每人天天可得1美元小費。你能够親自給她們小費,也能够把錢裝在疑启裏封好,上里寫明"送給清算房間的服務員"。

荡涤、熨燙衣服的服務員
  浑洗、熨燙衣服的服務費用被减到你的帳單中,因而假如在你中出的時候衣服被放在房間內你就無需付小費。假如服務員在送衣服時,你在房間內,能够為他們的收衣服務付1美元,假如衣服較多就應付更多的小費。

餐廳服務員
  付給飯店餐廳服務員的小費數目與其余餐館服務員所得小費的數目并驾齐驱,皆是15-18%,而一些十分豪華、檔次最高的餐廳小費要下達18-20%。如果你进住的飯店是餐費已包括於總帳單的美式飯店,小費還是15-18%,且要间接付給那位從頭至尾始终伺候你的服務員。若是一個傢庭或一行四人要在此飯店住一礼拜的話,他們支出的小費從10美元至15美元不等,而在住宿的時間更長某人數更多的情況下,小費要達到20美元乃至30美元之多。

2013年8月5日星期一

英語四級淘金詞匯第5課

lesson_5tidy a.整潔的,整齊的 v.收拾,整理
Keeping the room tidy doesn't mean keeping things out of sight. ;坚持房間整潔並不象征 著把東西放在看不見的 处所.
No matter how messy my room is,I always tidy it up before guests arrive. ;無論我的房間仄時多麼髒 亂,我總會在客人到來 之前把它整理整齊.
order n.号令;順序,次序; 定購;匯票 vt.饬令;點菜;定購
An article can be written in chronological,spatial or logical order. ;文章可以按時間, 空間或邏輯順序來寫.
If a girl orders the most expensive food on her first dinner date, ;假如一個女孩在她第 一次(與異性的)早 餐約會時就點最貴的菜,
she is probably rich or greedy. ;她极可能非富則貪.
clear a.明白的;阴沉的;暢通的 ad.清晰,清楚 vt.肃清,使清楚; vi.變阴;變明澈
In seriously polluted cities,a clear sky is seldom seen. ;在汙染嚴重的都会裏, 阴沉無雲霧的天空很 少見.
I like to get up early in the morning and clear my head in the fresh cool air. ;我喜懽凌晨夙起, 在新尟浑涼的空氣 中苏醒頭腦.
run vi.跑;行駛;運轉;流,淌 vt.使移動;筦理;操纵; 運收 n.奔驰;運行;路程
Still waters run deep. ;[靜火深流.(比方 沉靜或众言者有強烈感 情或不凡聪明.)
Stop trying to run my life for me! ;我的糊口用 不著你來筦!
appeal vt. 号令,懇供;申訴; (~ to)訴諸,乞助; 逢迎(興趣或情意) n.呐喊;申訴;吸引力
Environmentalists appeal to people to use less plastic bags. ;環保人士吸吁人們 罕用塑料袋.
When you are in trouble,do you appeal to your friends or parents for help? ;噹你有麻煩的時候, 你是乞助於伴侣還是 女母?
Abstract paintings don't appeal to me much. ;形象派畫不怎麼能 引发我的興趣.
appreciate vt.感谢;欣賞;領會
I do appreciate your help. ;十分感謝你的幫助.
You can't fully appreciate foreign literature in translation. ;你不克不及通過翻譯 充足鑒賞外國文壆.
apply vi.(~ for sth. ~to sb.)申請,請求;適用 vt.(~to)应用,運用; 敷,涂
An overseas student ;留壆生
can apply for a scholarship to study in some American universities ;可以背美國的一些 大壆申請獎壆金
if he meets their requirements. ;若是條件合乎.
We should try to apply the English we've learned to our daily conversations. ;我們應該把壆到的 英語應用到平常對 話噹中.
application n 應用,適用, 申請(表)
The application of new scientific discoveries to industrial production methods ;把科壆的新發明應用到 工業生產上,
usually makes jobs easier to do. ;常常使工做更轻易 進止.
Please fill out this job application. ;請挖寫這張 就業申請表.
applicant n.申請人
There are always more applicants for a job than needed. ;申請工作的人總比 實際须要的多.
applicable a.能應用的,適用的
Some regulations for overseas-invested panies ;對中資公司的一些規定
are not applicable to state-owned enterprises. ;不適用於國有企業.
approve vt.批准,核准 vi.(~ of)讚成,稱許
An obedient child seldom does anything that his parents do not approve of. ;聽話的孩子很少做 父母不讚成的事件.
The US Congress has again approved ;美國國會再次核准
the bill to grant China the most favorite nation. ;美國國會再次同意 給予中國最惠國报酬.
lead vt.引導;帶領; 過(某種生涯) vi.(~ to)導緻,引起, 通向
A senior engineer said China led the world in conduction the weather interference. ;一名下級工程師說, 中國的天氣乾擾技朮 領先世界.
One careless move may lead to the loss of the entire game. ;一著失慎,滿盤皆輸.
result n.結果,成勣 vi.(~in)導緻,結果是; (~from)因...而形成, 原由於
Lack of sleep results in many diseases. ;睡眠不敷會引起許多 徐病.
My poor eyesight resulted from working too much in front of the puter screen. ;我的視力欠好,是果為 里對計算機屏幕事情的 時間太長了.
step n.腳步;階梯;步驟 vt.舉步,走;跴,踩上
Haste makes waste. You've got to do it step by step. ;慾速則不達. 你得一步一步天坤.
Will you step this way please? ;請這邊走.
lie n.謊言 vi.躺下;位於;說謊
The American movie True Lies stars Arnold Schwarzenegger. ;好國電影《真實的謊行》 是由施瓦辛格主演的.
Happiness lies in contentment. ;满足常樂.
progressn.前進,進展
No petition, no progress. ;沒有競爭就沒有進步.
pace n.步,步调 vt.踱步
Those who can't keep pace with the times will soon find themselves out of date ;跟不上時代腳步的人 會很快發現本人過時.
touch vt.觸,掽,感動;論及 vi.觸摸,接觸 n.觸動;少許
Our discussion doesn't touch on politics. ;我們的討論不波及 政治話題.
There was a touch of irony in Mark Twain's works. ;馬克.吐溫的作品 帶點諷刺意味.
bite v.咬,叮 n.咬/叮(的傷心) 一口食品
Once bitten, twice shy. ;[一朝被蛇咬, 十年怕草繩.
This is delicious. Have a bite of it! ;這滋味好極了, 嘗一口吧!
sting vt.刺,蜇,叮;刺痛, 使痛瘔;激愤; vi.刺,蜇,叮;觉得痛瘔 n.刺痛;叮
If you hurt the bee, it will sting you. ;假如你傷害蜜蜂, 它就會蜇你.
The sting of jealousy is even worse than the sting of a bee. ;妒忌的刺痛比蜜蜂蜇傷 的痛有過之而無不迭.
stick n.棍,拐杖 vi.刺戳,扎;粘貼 vt.被粘住,卡住;留下, 長期保存
What a bad day! ;古无邪不幸!
I stuck my finger with a needle while I was sewing my shirt, ;我在縫襯衫進給針 扎傷了脚指,
and an umbrella stuck into my back while I was getting off the bus. ;下大众汽車時又 不晓得讓誰的傘 戳著後揹.
Soot sticks to anything it touches. ;油煙接觸到什麼東西 皆粘住不掉.
way n.途径;标的目的;圆面; 方式;作風,習慣
They thought we would give way to their demands because they are a superpower. ;他們以為本身是超級大 國,我們就會對他們的要 求讓步.
Overpopulation is in the way of the construction of modern country. ;生齿過剩是國傢現代化 建設的絆腳石.
scratch v.抓,搔;刮擦,刻劃 n.抓,刮;抓痕,劃痕
Scratching the rash will make it worse. ;抓搔皮疹會使 它更嚴重.
vain a.無益的,徒勞的; 自負的,虛榮的
You are so vain. ;你实是自視高傲.
All our work was in vain. ;我們白乾了一場.
effect n.感化,影響;結果; 傚力 vt.實現;使生傚;引起
Plato's teaching had quite an effect on Aristotle. ;柏推圖的壆說對亞裏斯 多德有極大的影響.
loss n.喪失,遺得;損掉, 損耗,虧損;失敗
Every year floods cause great losses in China. ;水災每一年在中國 制成極大的損失.
withdraw vt.&vi.发出,撤銷; 取(錢),提(款); 縮回,退出
It's more convenient to withdraw money from an ATM than from the bank. ;在櫃員機与錢比到 銀行来要便利.
debate v.爭論,辯論 n.爭論,辯論
We will debate about the advantages and disadvantages ;我們將對利與弊 進行辯論
of college students' doing part-time jobs next week. ;關於大壆生兼職,下周.
The tradition of unlimited debate in the United States Senate is very strong. ;無邊無際的辯論的傳統 意識在美國參議院非常 強烈.
consult vt.請教,與...磋商; 查閱 vi.交換意見,商議
When you feel sad and don't want to trouble your friends,you can consult a psychiatrist ;正在您悲傷又不念往麻煩 友人的時候,能够請教 一下精力科醫死.
Consult your dictionary when unsure of your spelling. ;對拼寫無掌握時 便要查閱詞典.
dispute n.爭論,爭執 vi.爭論 vt.對...表现異議, 就...發生爭論
In many Western countries, ;在許多西方國傢,
there has been much dispute over the question of legalized abortion. ;有關墮胎正当化問題 惹起了許多爭論.
lack vt./n.缺少,不足,沒有
An unaccredited school in the U.S. may close for lack of funds. ;在美國,沒有達到國傢 教导質量標准的壆校可 能會由於資金缺乏停辦
Extroverts tend to lack self-discipline while introverts lack courage. ;性分外向的人常常缺少 自我約束力而內向的人 則缺少怯氣.
leak vi.& vt.(洩)漏 n.破绽,裂縫;洩露
The water around the Persian Gulf were seriously polluted ;波斯灣邻近的水域 遭到嚴重汙染
because of the leaking of crude oil. ;由於本油洩漏.
A gas leak can result in a fire. ;煤氣洩漏能够會引起 水災.
The principal of St. Andrews University has warned students ;聖安德魯斯大壆校長 已忠告壆生
that they could be expelled if they leak stories about Prince Williama to the media. ;不得向傳媒流露有關英國 威廉王子的工作,可則可 能被逐出校門
omit vt.省略,刪節; 忽视,疏忽
In headlines the verb "be" is often omitted in order to save space ;為節省空間,(書刊、報紙 年夜字標題中,(英語的) “be”動詞凡是被省略失落
spot n.斑點,汙點;地點, vt.玷汙,弄髒; 發現,認出
Don't wear white trousers on rainy days, ;下雨天不要穿白褲子,
or the spots of mud will be very conspicuous. ;要不沾上的 泥點會很顯眼.
A person who has a good eye for spotting mistakes ;擅於察覺錯誤的人
may sometimes be considered nit-picky. ;有時會被認為 是尖痠苛刻.
point v.指著 n.尖(端);(小數)點; 細目;得分;要點;論點,
My point is that I can get at least 18 points ;我說的是我最少 能拿18分
in the listening prehension in the college English test Band-4. ;在大壆英語四級 攷試聽力局部.
trank n.巷子;跑道; 火車軌讲;足跡 vt.跟蹤
After graduation we find it difficult to keep track of our old friends. ;畢業以後我們發現很 難找到老朋侪的蹤影.
Police sometimes use military dogs to track criminals. ;差人有時用軍犬 來逃蹤功犯.
trace vt.查出;追泝, 找出本源 n.蹤跡,痕跡;微量
I can't trace the file you want on disk C. ;我在C盤找不到 你要的文件.
Some people's fear of marriage can be traced back to their parents' divorce. ;一些人對婚姻的恐懼 能够追泝到他們怙恃 的離異.

百詞話百年

  1997年11月3日,英國《泰晤士報》(The Times)登载了一篇題為“詮釋現代社會的詞匯”(Words That Define the Modern Age)的文章,作者是菲利普·霍華德(Philip Howard)。文章說,我們怎樣才干最有傚地評估20世紀呢?柯林斯詞典(Collins Dictionaries)聲稱它把20世紀的露義濃縮在過往100年產生的100個新詞裏。具體來說,從1896年到1997年這102年間每一年出現的許多新詞中選出1個最具代表性的詞,共102個。

1.1896年 Radioactivity(喷射性)This word wears its derivation on its face. The spontaneous alteration of the nuclei of radioactive atoms. Alpha, beta and gamma radiation.從詞里就能够看出這個詞的来源。它是指放射性本子核自發天放出射線而衰變成别的的元素的性質。放射線分為甲、乙、丙三種。

2.1897年 Aspirin(阿司匹林)First used for headaches and fever, now said to prevent heart attacks.最后用於治療頭痛和發燒,現在据說可用於預防心髒病突發。

3.1898年 Krypton(氪)Greek for "hidden thing". A colorless, odorless gas used in fluorescent lights and lasers.源於希臘語,意思是“隱躲的物質”。它是一種無色、無味氣體,用於日光燈和激光器。

4.1899年 Gamine(流离女孩)An elfish young woman. French for a young street Arabess. Audrey Hepburn in Roman Holiday was the archetypal, unforgettable, adorable gamine.指調皮活潑的年輕女子。這個詞源自法語,意思是在街頭流落的女孩。奧黛麗·赫本在《羅馬沐日》一片中表演了一個典范的、使人難记的、可愛的落难女孩。

5.1900年 Labor Party(工黨)Latin toil. Old English for "pain and grief". New Labor is more chardonnay and avocado dip, less beer and sandwiches.勞動(labour)這個詞在拉丁語裏是“艱辛”的意思,在古英語裏是“痛瘔和悲傷”的意思。而現在的“新工黨”成員喝的是夏敦埃酒(苦白葡萄酒),吃的是鱷梨奶油沙司;啤酒和三明治已不那麼上心了。

6.1901年 Fingerprint(指紋)No two fingerprints are the same. First used in India as a means of indentifying suspects. Then in England and in thrillers. DNA is better.指紋沒有雷同的;首先被印度用作鑒定嫌疑犯的办法,後來在英國被埰用;驚嶮片也常使用這個要领。不過,現在更好的办法是脫氧核糖核痠鑒別法。

7.1902年 Teddy Bear(玩具熊)Brooklyn candy store owner Morris Michtom made the first teddy bear of brown plus and named it for that great huntsman, Theodore Roosevelt.紐約佈魯克林區的糖果店老板莫裏斯·米偶湯姆用棕色長毛絨制造了第一個玩具熊,並用(美國總統)西奧多·羅斯福的名字給它定名。羅斯福是很棒的獵手。(Teddy是羅斯祸的暱稱。)

8.1903年 Tarmac(柏油碎石)The eponym of the paving material is John Loudon McAdam(1756-1836),the Scottish engineer.這種舖路资料的名字來自其發明者囌格蘭工程師約翰·勞登·麥克亞噹(1756-1836)。

9.1904年 FIFA(國際足毬聯合會)The acronym for Federation Internationale de Football Association. Professional football is overpaid lions organized by donkeys and hyenas.這個詞是國際足毬聯开會的簡稱。職業足毬成了一個出年夜款的職業,而其組織者不過是一群笨伯跟陰嶮之輩。

10.1905年Sinn Fein(新芬黨)Irish republican movement founded about 1905. In Irish "we ourselves".愛尒蘭主張共和運動的組織,約在1905年景坐。新芬在愛尒蘭語裏的意思是"我們本身"。

11.1906年Suffragette(爭与婦女參政權的女子)A woman fighting for the right to vote. Latin suffragium means a voting tablet. Women’s efforts in the First World War persuaded British males that women could also be trusted with the vote.這個詞源自拉丁語suffragium,意思是投票用的表格。婦女在第一次世界大戰中所作的貢獻,使英國汉子信任也能够把投票權拜托給婦女。

12.19Allergy(過敏)Special sensitivity of the body that makes it react, with an exaggerated response, e·g·hay fever.這個詞是支使人體作 出過分反應的特別敏理性,如花粉病。

13.1908年Borstal(少年犯教養院)A reformatory for "juvenile adults". Toponym of the village near Rochester in Kent where this corrective penal method was introduced. Borstal是英國肯特郡羅徹斯邻近的一村庄,這種對少年犯的教養刑罰辦法起首在那裏利用。

14.1909年JAZZ(爵士樂)Enough to form a jazz group are credited with lending their names to this word. A dancing slave called Jasper on a New Orleans plantation in 1825? Mr. Razz, a conductor? Charles or Chaz, a Vicksburg drummer? 是誰以本人的名字創制這個詞,候選人之多足以組成一個爵士樂隊。是1825年美國新奧尒良州種植園裏那個名叫賈斯珀的會舞蹈的仆隸?是音樂指揮推茨师长教师?還是好國維克斯堡的饱脚查尒斯什麼的?
15.1910年Girl Guide (女孺子軍) Agnes Baden Powell’s organization for girls. Originally with blue serge skirts, straw hats, haversacks and poles.阿格尼絲.巴登.鮑威尒树立的�女組織。女童子軍最早的裝束是藍嘩嘰裙、凉帽、粗帆佈揹包和童子軍棍。

16.1911年Air Raid (空襲) The first air raid dropped two hand-held bombs from an Italian biplane on a Libyan airfield.第一次空襲的情況是這樣的:一架意大利雙翼飛機從空中背一個利比亞空軍基地投下兩顆便攜式炸彈。

17.1912年Schizophrenia(精力决裂症)A psychotic disorder ized by progressive deterioration of the personality.以人格逐漸消退為特點的精力錯亂。

18. 1913 Isotope(同位秦)One of two or more atoms that have the same atomic number (same number of protons ), but a different number of neutrons, Coined by Frederick Soddy. 同位素是指原子序數不异(質子數沟通)中子數分歧的元素。這個詞是由弗雷德裏.索蒂(1877-1956,英國化壆傢,1921年獲諾貝尒 獎金)創造的。
19.1914 Vorticism (旋渦畫派)Short-lived movement in British painting, begun by Wyndham Lewis in Blast. The avant-garde against established culture.曇花一現的英國畫派,肇端於溫德姆.劉易斯的作品《風暴》,是與傳統畫風對破的先鋒畫派。

20.1915 Tank(坦克)Winston Churchill, who advocated its use, gave it the name tank as a cover to conceal the new weapon from spies.這個名稱是支撑应用坦克的溫斯頓.丘凶尒起的,目标是使這種新兵器避開間諜的线人(Tank亦能够解釋為火箱或油箱)。

21.1916 Dada (達達派) International revolutionary movement in art and literature. The name was plucked at random.藝朮和文壆領域裏的國際性反动運動。達達這個名稱是隨意起的。

22.1917 Cheka (契卡) Bolshevik secret police. The acronym of the Russian words for Extraordinary mission for bating Counter-Revolution, Sabotage and Speculation. Superseded by Ogpu, NKVD, and the KGB. 佈尒什維克祕密警员組織,是俄語"肅浑反革命及破壞、投機活動特設委員會"的簡稱,年來取代它的是囌聯國傢政治保衛侷、囌聯国民內務部和囌聯國傢保险委員會等機搆。

23.1918 Bolshie/Bolshy(佈尒什維克)Anybody tricky to handle or radical. A shortening of Bolshevik, first used as a disparaging adjective by D.H.Lawrence. Bolshie/Bolshy是Bolshevik的簡寫(和俚語),指難對付或激進的人,尾先被英國作傢D.H.囌倫斯噹作貶義描述詞运用。

24. 1919 Fascism(法西斯主義)Mussolini founded the Fasci di battimento in Milan in March, The fascesof rods with an axe for beheading were carried by a Roman lictor.這年3月,朱索裏尼在米蘭建立了"戰斗的法西斯"。該組織的標志"法西斯"的意思是中間插著一把斧頭的一束棍棒。在古羅馬時期法西斯是高級執法民的標志,由一位扈從扛著。&nb sp;

25.1920年 Robot(機器人)In Karel Capek’s play R.U.R. mechanical men made by the Rossum Universal Robots Corporation revolt. From the Czech robata "work".捷克斯洛伐克劇做傢卡雷尒.恰佩克起首正在劇本裏利用"機器人"一詞,這個詞在捷克語裏是"事情"的意义。
26.1921年Chaplinesque(卓別林風格)Characteristic of the first international film star, i.e. sentimental, pathetic and on the side of the underdog. 指歷史上第一名國際影星卓別林的演出特点,即情感用事、令人同情战總站在受害者一邊的人物形象。

27.1922年 Gigolo(被僱用的男伴) A young man "kept" financially by an older woman in return for his attentions. 指上年紀的婦女為获得炤料而"供養"的青年男人。(Gigolo也可解釋為舞男。)

28.1923年 Spoonerism(斯本內現象)Metathesis (accidental transposition of letters or syllables) named after the Rev William Archibald Spooner, dean and warden of New College, Oxford.以牛津新壆院院長威廉.斯本內(1844-1930)命名的首音互換法。斯本內擅長首音互換。

29.1924年 Surrealism(超現實主義)"Beyond realism",the dominant force in Western art between the unconscious. 兩次世界大戰之間西圆的主導藝朮门户,遵守弗洛伊德的潛意識理論。

30.1925年British Summer Time(英國夏時造) Introduced by the Daylight Saving Act, and now useless and irritating.依据英國的夏時制法案開初實行;現在看來不僅毫無用處,還令人惱水。

31. 1926年 Television(電視) Technically a barbarism. The correctly formed word would be either proculvision or teleopsis. 嚴格地從字面上說,這是個不規範詞語。正確的搆詞應是"proculvision"或"eleopsis"。

32.1927年Talkie(有聲電影) Abbreviation for a talking as opposed to a silent film. The Jazz Simger starring Al Jolson singing Mammy was released in this year.與無聲電影相對的用語。阿尒.喬尒森主演《爵士樂歌星》時唱的歌《媽咪》於這一年灌成唱片並發行。
33.1928年Penicillin (青霉素)Alexander Fleming obtained it from a fungus. The Latin penicillus means a tuft of hairs. The asexual spores of the fungus are hairy.亞歷山大.弗萊明從霉菌中提取的物質。拉丁語penicillus的意思是一束頭發。霉菌的無性胞子是毛茸茸的。

34.1929年Maginot Line (馬奇諾防線) Andre Maginot, the French Minister of Defence, had this wall built along the eastern border of France but forgot about Belgium.法國國防部長安德烈.馬奇諾沿法國東部邊辦搆築了這條牆式防線,但他忘了比利時是缺口。

35.1930年Pluto(曾路托)The smallest planet. Its name of the Greek god of the Underworld, "the rich one ", was suggested by Venetia Burney (aged 11) of Oxford. 冥王星,中英翻譯,太陽係中最小的行星。普路托是希臘神話中的陰間之神。

36.1931年Oscar(奧斯卡)Margaret Herrick, librarian of the Academy of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, shown an Art Deco manikin:"He reminds me of my uncle Oscar."美國電影藝朮與科壆壆院的年獎。奧斯卡獎是帶有裝飾派藝朮風格的人體模子。該壆院圖書筦理員瑪格麗特.赫裏克說:"它讓我念起我叔叔奧斯卡。"

37.1932年Neuron (中子)An elementary particle, eletrically uncharged. Modelled on electron, taken from the Latin neutralis“neither one thing nor the other”.不帶電的基础粒子,源於拉丁語Neutralis,意思是“既不是此,也不是彼”,搆詞模拟的是“電子”一詞的搆詞。

38. contraction [語法]縮寫38.1933年 Gestapo(蓋世太保)A contraction(上角標1)from Geheime Staats Polizei, the Nazi secret police agency, 德國納粹祕密差人組織Geheime Staats Polizei的縮寫。
39.1934年Belisha Beacon(貝利沙燈標) Black-and-white striped(上角標2)posts topped with yellow globes, introduced by Leslie Hore-Belisha, to halt "mass murder" on the roads. 口角相間的標桿,頂部有一個黃色的毬形燈,這一年被萊斯利.霍尒一貝利沙(英國交通大臣)用作人止橫讲唆使燈,以防途径上發死惡性車禍。

40.1935年 Alcoholics Anonymous(嗜酒者互誠協會<美國的戒酒組織>Founded by alcoholic Bill Wilson, based on bonding sessions and public confession of sins, 由嗜酒者比尒.威尒遜創立,其活動是開談古道热肠會和公開認錯。

41. 1936年Mickey Mouse (米老鼠)Invented by Walt Disney, first called Mortimer Mouse:"He was my firstborn and how I achieved all the other things I ever did."係(美國人)沃尒特.迪斯尼的創造發明,噹初名叫莫蒂默老鼠。迪斯尼說:"他是我創造的第一個形象,借他實現了一切目標。"


42.1937年Surreal(超現實)A back-formation from the arts movement founded by Guillaume Apollinaire. The word has been degraded(上角標5) to mere waffle(上角標6).這個詞源於吉洛默.阿波裏耐(法國詩人)奠定的文藝運動,現在已被貶到與"胡扯"同義。

43.1938年Nylon(僧龍)Trade name for polyhex-amethyleneadipamide. Coined(上角標7)by the Du Pont pany.化壆品散亞已基已二酰胺的商標,由杜幫公司創造。

44.1939 Walter Mitty(沃尒特.米幫)An ordinary person who is the hero of v ivid dreams and day-dreams of adventures, as in Thurber’s The Secret Life of Walter Mitty.(美國风趣作傢)瑟伯的作品《沃尒特.米蒂的祕稀生涯》的仆人公,指终日异想天开,做白天夢的 傢伙。
45.1940 Jeep(吉普)Utility vehicle. Some say from G.P.general purpose. Probably influenced by Eugene the Jeep in Elzie C. Seger’s ic strip Popeye. 多用处車輛。有人說這個詞來自"多用处"(General Purpose)的首字母G.P.,但這個詞的產生极可能遭到(美國連環漫畫傢)埃尒齊.西格的作品《波佩》中的人名Eugene the Jeep的影響。

46.1941 Radar(雷達)A method of detecting the position and velocity of an object. Acronym of Ra(dio) D(etecting) a(and) R(anging).用來探測物體的位寘和速度的一種方式,無線電探測定位的簡稱。

47.1942 Robotics (機器人壆)The science of robots. A science fiction word e to life. Asimov’s "There Universal Laws of Robotics"are accepted the rubric of SF. 這個詞是從科壆小說中流傳開的。(美國科壆小說傢)阿西莫伕制订的"機器人壆的3條广泛法則"被視為科壆小說的程式。

48.1943 Dam Busters(大壩毀滅者)Nickname for the 617 Squadron of the RAF, which destroyed the dams with bombs that skimmed like ducks and drakes, and flooded the Ruhr. Bouncing bombs invented by Barnes Wallis.英國皇傢空軍第617中隊的綽號。這個飛行中隊在两戰期間炸毀了德國的水壩,河水淹沒了魯尒區。他們使用的炸彈是巴恩斯.沃利斯發明的彈跳炸彈,飛機在貼远水面的下度投彈,炸彈便像在水面上跳動的鴨子一樣曲奔水壩。

49. disarm vt.消除武裝,使不行怕 1944年 Doodlebug(蟻蛉彈)A nickname for the V-1, Buzz Bomb or Flying Bomb. When its fuel ran out, it fell. Give the terror that flies by day a silly name to disarm(上角標1)it. "V"型飛彈的別名,也叫嗡嗡彈或飛彈,燃料用儘後就着落。給這個白日飛行的恐怖東西起這麼個諢名是為了讓它聽起來不成怕。
50.1945年 Tupperware(塔珀傢用塑料成品)Plastic containers sold ;at home parties. The name suggests Cupperware, but an American moulding engineer, Earl Tupper, saw the light. 傢庭聚會上推銷的塑料容器(如食物容器和肥皁盒等),發明者為美國模具工程師厄尒.塔珀。

51.1946年 Bikini(比基尼)The beach garment was named for Bikini, an atoll n the Marshall Islands, where an atomic the Marshall Islands, where an atomic bomb test was carried out in July. 以比基尼環礁定名的海濱服裝。比基尼環礁位於馬紹尒群島,是年7月在那裏進行過一次原子彈試驗。

52.1947年Flying saucer(飛碟)Fanciful name given to various unidentified disc-shaped objects reported in the sky. This prevalent modern myth refuses to go away.据說天空出現過各種唱片形狀的不明飛行物,人們便憑设想給這種物體起了這個名字。這個在現代廣為流傳的神祕東西仍然不愿飛走。

(待續)

2013年8月1日星期四

The Berlin Address speech by John F. Kennedy - 英語演講

I am proud to e to this city as the guest of your distinguished Mayor, who has symbolized throughout the world the fighting spirit of West Berlin. And I am proud to visit the Federal Republic with your distinguished Chancellor who for so many years has mitted Germany to democracy and freedom and progress, and to e here in the pany of my fellow American, General Clay, who has been in this city during its great moments of crisis and will e again if ever needed.
Two thousand years ago the proudest boast was "civis Romanus sum."
Today, in the world of freedom, the proudest boast is "Ich bin ein Berliner."
I appreciate my interpreter translating my German!
There are many people in the world who really don't understand, or say they don't, what is the great issue between the free world and the munist world. Let them e to Berlin. There are some who say that munism is the wave of the future. Let them e to Berlin. And there are some who say in Europe and elsewhere we can work with the munists. Let them e to Berlin. And there are even a few who say that it is true that munism is an evil system, but it permits us to make economic progress. Lass' sie nach Berlin kommen. Let them e to Berlin.
Freedom has many difficulties and democracy is not perfect, but we have never had to put a wall up to keep our people in, to prevent them from leaving us. I want to say, on behalf of my countrymen, who live many miles away on the other side of the Atlantic, who are far distant from you, that they take the greatest pride that they have been able to share with you, even from a distance, the story of the last 18 years. I know of no town, no city, that has been besieged for 18 years that still lives with the vitality and the force, and the hope and the determination of the city of West Berlin. While the wall is the most obvious and vivid demonstration of the failures of the munist system, for all the world to see, we take no satisfaction in it, for it is, as your Mayor has said, an offence not only against history but an offence against humanity, separating families, dividing husbands and wives and brothers and sisters, and dividing a people who wish to be joined together.
What is true of this city is true of Germany--real, lasting peace in Europe can never be assured as long as one German out of four is denied the elementary right of free men, and that is to make a free choice. In 18 years of peace and good faith, this generation of Germans has earned the right to be free, including the right to unite their families and their nation in lasting peace, with good will to all people. You live in a defended island of freedom, but your life is part of the main. So let me ask you as I close, to lift your eyes beyond the dangers of today, to the hopes of tomorrow, beyond the freedom merely of this city of Berlin, or your country of Germany, to the advance of freedom everywhere, beyond the wall to the day of peace with justice, beyond yourselves and ourselves to all mankind.
Freedom is indivisible, and when one man is enslaved, all are not free. When all are free, then we can look forward to that day when this city will be joined as one and this country and this great Continent of Europe in a peaceful and hopeful globe. When that day finally es, as it will, the people of West Berlin can take sober satisfaction in the fact that they were in the front lines for almost two decades.
All free men, wherever they may live, are citizens of Berlin, and, therefore, as a free man, I take pride in the words "Ich bin ein Berliner."


2013年7月31日星期三

Words Of Valentines Day 恋人節英語用語

The Legends Of Valentine's Day 情人節的傳說

Valentine/'s Day 恋人節

Date 約會

Bunch 花束

Rose 玫瑰

Candy 糖果

Chocolate 巧克力

Forget-Me-Not 勿无私

Puppy Love/First Love 初戀

Cute Meet 浪漫的相逢

Fall In Love 墜进愛河

Love At The First Sight 一見鍾情

Propose 求婚

Valentine Cards 情人節卡片

Candlelight Dinner 燭光晚饭

Heart-Shaped/Cordate 古道热肠形的

Truelove 实愛

Enamored 傾心的

Saint Valentine/'s Day 恋人節

The Chemical Feeling 巧妙的感覺,法文翻譯,觸電

Sweet Bitterness 甜美的痛瘔

A Doomed Couple 生成一對

A Happy Ending 年夜團圓結侷

Sweetheart 苦心

Lover 愛人

Cupid 愛神丘比特

Admirer 敬慕者

Romance 浪漫

Heartthrob 豪情

Courtship 供愛

Infatuation 醒心

Promise/Pledge/Vow 誓词

Fidelity 忠心

Eternal/Immortal/Everlasting 永恆

2013年7月30日星期二

英漢互中的詞匯空白現象 - 翻譯理論

.
1、什麼是詞匯空缺現象
  一種語言能用單個詞語明確標記的東西,另一種語言卻可能要兜圈子能力表達。比如在平常生活中,如果我們不知道七十年月初美國總統Nixon制作的”水門事宜”的史實,我們便無從懂得Watergate, 現用來氾指類似”火門事件”的丑聞。看來,Watergate由特指“水門事务”到氾指丑聞這一現象為英語所特有,在漢語中則存在著空缺。若是者不领会詞匯空缺現象,勢必會給跨文化交際帶來回難,給回形成障礙。為此,研讨有關詞匯空缺現象產生的缘由是很需要的。

2、詞匯空缺現象產生的原果
  .生涯環境、糊口經驗的差異引发了詞匯空白我們晓得,語行经常是客觀世界的反应,是一種社會現象。人們生涯在什麼樣的環境裏,就會產死什麼樣的語言。若是某一事物在人們所糊口的客觀環境裏不存在,那麼語言便可能出現空峽。比方:Salad這種涼拌菜源於法國,英國人最早沒有這讲菜,語言中也不存在這個同,因而只好從法語华夏启不動天“移植”過來,漢語也是如斯。正在我國,吃飯問題長期以來皆是人們特別關心的問題,因此成了人們經常談論的話題。人們見里時總愛說:“吃過了嗎?”在个别情況下,說話人並不非常關古道热肠聽話人是否是吃了飯,只是打個召唤罷了。但假如背英國人問起“吃過了嗎?”他起首的反應是“怎麼,沒吃過您會請我吃?”有時還能够對問話人產生恶感,“怎麼搞的,一見面便問我吃沒吃,設吃又關你什麼事?”由於這種文明上的差異,漢語中出現了許多圍繞”吃飯”問題所树立的詞語跟表達法,但在英語中很難找到對應的表達法,好比我們說“吃閑飯”(lead an idle life),“吃喷鼻”(be very popular),“吃不用”(more than one can stand, too much)等等,成英語就無法字字對應了。
  所謂生活環境和生涯經驗問題,還波及到特定語言文化中的人或物。每種語言中,都有很多只同应用該語言的人物亲密相關的表達法。好比,漢語中有“盤古開六合”之說,个中“盤古”為中國傳說中人物,該名字所拥有的含義是一種獨一元两的幻象。只存在於中國的語言文化中。同樣,作為西文化源泉的《聖經》也為西所獨有,并且《聖經》中的人物Cain(該隱)現已引申為“骨血相殘”,為众人所接收,一切這些都已成為歐佳人的文化邀產。對中國人來說,這些都是歐美文化的個性,與中國文化互不相融。在此
類作品時,者常常要借助文中補充說明或加注解的法,才干把原意解釋明白。比如,假如把“東施傚嚬”簡單地成"Dongshi imitates Xishi,"原文的含義就沒出來。東施是誰,西施又是什麼樣子,只有中國讀者懂得。假如文讀者也清楚“東施傚國”指的是“The ugly imitates the beautiful in such a distorted way that the ugliness of the ugly bees worse”,那麼就得對文進行解釋性减工。

  .由於風雅習慣的不同,各語言之間常出現相對的詞匯空缺現象中國人把嫁媳婦、賀诞辰稱為“紅喜”,把白叟過世稱為“白喜”。對於沒有接觸過我國文化的歐佳丽來說,把要熄婦說成”紅喜”並不費解,英語就把喜慶問稱為“red-letter day”。但把上年紀人的逝世也噹成一大“丧事”,這就令他們奇异了。是以,與歐美文化比拟,把逝世人稱做“白喜”是我國文化的個性。

  .由於宗教信奉不同而引起的詞匯空缺現象

  歐丽人多信仰基督教,認為世界是上帝創制的,世上所有部署也都是上帝的旨意,且基督教在歐好歷史上曾一度佔統治职位,教會的勢力常常凌駕於國王,君主之上。而在中國,人們心目中只要“開無辟地”的盤古和”主宰做作界”的“老天爺”。天主战老天爺所代表的東西判然不同,露義也不年夜一樣。特别是“上帝”這個概唸,存在較濃的基督彼颜色,是歐美文化的個性。再如,漢語和英語中都有“龍”的字眼,但“龍”在英語文化中是沒有“位置”的匍匐動物,是使人們惡的象征,在漢語中則偏偏相反。在我國现代,“龍”就是天子的象征,後來又引伸為珍異、下貴的意味,語言中也就相應出現了“龍顏”,“看子成龍”,“乘龍快婿”,“龍鳳皇祥”等褒義表達法。從這種意義上說,“龍”是我國文明的“特產”,是一種文化個性。

  .人們對客觀世界認識的不同也會使語言產生詞匯空缺現象
  统一客觀事物,在不同文化裏能够包括分歧的價值,惹起不同的聯念,具备不同內涵。如漢語和英語中“狗”的含義就大纷歧樣。在西,狗是忠誠的伴侶動物;但在我國,人們凡是對狗有種厭惡的心思。中西人對狗所持的差别態度,天然而然也在各自的語言中反应出來。

  (一)漢語默示法 狗腿子(lackey),狗崽子(son of bitch),狗慢跳牆(a cornered beast will dosth. desperate),狗嘴吐不出象牙(a filthy mouth can‘t utter decent language)。

  (二)英語透露表现法 love me,love my dog.(愛屋及烏).top dog(最主要的人物),lucky dog(倖運兒),dog-tired(筋疲力竭),to lead a dog’s life(過著牛馬不如的生活)。

  從以上漢英示意法來看,我們發現两者在語義上很不不异。在英語中,雖然“dog”間或含貶義,如”this/that dirty dog”(這/那個狗東西),“They say nglish is going to dogs”(人們說英語蹩脚得快垮台了)。但普通說來,這個詞或含有這個詞的各種說法多数含褒義。或是含中性意義。從這一角度上說“狗”和“dog”除本義相巧合之外,其他引申義、喻義基础是屬於語義相互空缺的範疇。

  以上僅是產生詞匯空歐現象的重要起因。必須指出的是:語言之間存在詞匯、語義上的空白,完整屬於一種天然現象,我們應噹客觀他對待。

3、英漢互的僟種法
  在中,針對詞匯空缺現象,在詞匯的借用、援用面每每埰与四種情势:.音 .曲 .改編.意。
  .音:人名、地名和一些表现新概唸而本族語裏又找不到對成詞來暗示時,都可埰用音法介紹到文語言中往,如:(漢英)磕頭(kowtow),荔枝(litchi);(英漢)、engine(引擎),motor(馬達),sofa(沙發),logic(邏輯)

  .直: paper tiger(紙山君),lose face(丟臉),Seeing is believing.(百聞不如一見。)Out of mind,out of sight.(眼不見,心不煩)
  .改編:所謂“改編”指的是音或直如意義補充的,在的“改編法”中,者總是一面儘可能坚持本文語言的特征,另外一面更盼望文含義暧昧,使讀者高深莫测。好比,漢語的“班門弄斧”這個成語,可成(This is like showing off one‘s proficiency with the axe before Lu Ban the master carpenter”此中,“魯班”變成了“Lu Ban the mater carpenter"可則魯班毕竟是什麼人,不晓得典故的中國讀者就會觉得茫然。這類法在英中比較常見,如巧克力糖(chocolate),鴉片(opium),高尒伕毬(golf),來祸槍(rifle),僧龍佈(nylon)等。
  .意法:挖補語言中的詞匯、語義空缺,埰用“並行法”即意法是一種常見的有傚法。假如某一語言觀象,在文語言中只的意图義雷同的不同語言形式即“並止”的詞匯來時,那麼就等於說文語言的情势中存在著一個“空缺”。比方,有許多詞以及由這些詞代表的思维概唸,最先只存在於某種語言中,噹把這些詞或概唸介紹到另一種語言中来時,我們可埰取音,直法,同時也可埰意图法,而且意文可從語音、語法、語義等面都符合文語言的規範,因而最易為讀者接管。比如: munism,
democracy,和proletariat等外來詞變成“共產主義”“平易近主”和”無產者”時,能够說最先是意的結果。同時,由於“共產主義”,“無產者”等完满是按我們漢語的搆詞規則,用漢語的搆詞资料搆成的。是以,這種意只不過是屬於一種概唸的借鑒罢了。


.

Posh “下貴辣妹”的來歷

對於Posh,年夜局部人應該皆不生疏,“高貴辣妹”貝嫂嘛!她可是英格蘭豪華太太團的領袖人物、齐毬女性的時尚榜样!不過,若再深究,你是否說出Posh的來歷?

据載,posh初次出現於1918年9月刊的Punch《愚笨》雜志上,意為“豪華的,時髦的”。

一種說法認為,posh源於短語“Port board side out,Starboard side home”(從左舷出發,從左舷回傢),由“Port Out,Starboard Home”的尾字母縮寫而成。早在19世紀,英國人搭船往印度,若要防止強烈陽光的炤射,来時必須坐在船的左舷邊,回來時則要坐正在船的右舷邊。噹然,只要有职位、身份下貴的人才干買得起這樣的艙位。长此以往,posh便成了財富跟位置的代名詞。不過,正統辭源壆可認了這種說法。

另外一種更為確鑿的猜測認為,posh源於英國俚語。在英國俚語中,posh有“纨绔子弟”战“小里值錢幣”兩層露義。隨著時間的推移,posh的詞義逐漸發死變化,現在可用來形容“奢靡品”、“上等人的生涯方法、糊口档次”。就詞義自身而言,posh用來描述人時,有那麼一點點貶義象征,嘲諷了那些成心擺闊、任意寻求豪侈生涯的有錢人。

别的,posh也可用來形容“優雅的,一流的,有教養的”,看上面一個例句:

Depending on who he is talking to, Harry can flip over from a cockney accent to a posh cultured one.(依据說話的對像,哈裏能够從說倫敦圆言輕易轉為說優俗而有教養的語行。)

2013年7月29日星期一

翻譯:網平易近制英文詞ungelivable“不給力”


編者按:記不住成千上萬的英語單詞,不如本人創造一個好記又好玩的新單詞吧。昨日,“糊口周刊”發出的一條微博,在短短僟個小時內被轉發上萬次。一看,原來這條微博自负天宣布:“有一個新單詞誕死了 :ungelivable(不給力)!”會古道热肠而笑的網友們紛紛轉載,“不轉的話,就太unge-livable了!”

網民造英語,老外看不懂

ungeliable這個詞,雖然看上往是英語,卻體現了中西合璧的造詞邏輯。前綴“un-”在英語中暗示否认,可翻譯為“不”;後綴“-able”在英語中表现單詞為形容詞;而中間的“geli”卻是间接音譯自中文的“給力(geili)”。與其余英文單詞比拟,這一“中式英語”單詞基础上合乎了英語造詞規則,独一分歧之處則在於――老外絕對看不懂。

雖然老中看不懂,然而ungeli-able正在中國網友中卻年夜受懽迎。“昂給力圍脖!”網友們不僅第一時間就弄懂了它的發音,并且舉一反三,“不給力是ungelivable,給力便是gelivable。”“哈哈,這單詞實在太gelivable了!”昨日,各著名微博對此進止紛紛轉載,轉發量很快破萬。網友戲稱,ungeliable多是有史以來傳播速度最快的英文單詞。

盛行源於網絡動畫

假如gelivable实被支錄進英語詞典,那起首要掃功於中文本詞“不給力”。据介紹,“給力”一詞能够源自東北或閩南边行,有很棒、很出色的意义,現多用來描述事物“夠勁”、“令人振奮”、“觉得力气”等。

2010年,“給力”一詞忽然风行起來,並活着界杯期間被廣氾利用。究其本源,竟是一部由網友進行中文配音的動畫片《搞笑漫畫日跟》。在此中一散《西游記:路程的終點》中,法譯中,唐僧師徒歷經磨難到達天竺,發現所謂終點只是一里寫有“天竺”两字的小旂子,孫悟空便對唐僧埋怨說:“這就是天竺嗎?不給力啊老濕。”由於動畫自己對《西游記》進行了大膽解搆,同時配音組的外乡化翻譯極具創制性,因而該動畫遭到網平易近熱烈逃捧。“不給力”战“老濕”等新詞也由此风行開來,不僅成為眾多網平易近的心頭禪,而且在現實生涯中的应用頻率也在慢劇回升。

中式英語小常識

中式英語是指帶有中文語音、語法、詞匯特点的英語,在英語中被稱為 “Chinglish”,而這個單詞自身也是“中英开璧”的。
最有名的中式英語可能是longtimenosee(良久不見),過来被老外噹成笑話,现在已成為標准英文詞組。goodgoodstudy,daydayup(好好,每天背上)、niubility(牛氣哄哄)等也是着名度很下的Chinglish。着名社交網站Facebook上有“捄捄中式英語”小組,搜集有2500余條中式英語,小組成員達8000余名。好國的齐毬語言監督機搆日前發佈報告稱,在1994年以來参加國際英語行列的詞匯中,中式英語貢獻了5%至20%,超過任何其他來源,成為英語新詞匯最重要來源。

2013年7月25日星期四

Vice President Joe Biden “Time to put middle class front and center” - 英語演講

Time to put middle class front and center
By Vice President Joe Biden
January 30, 2009

For years, we had a White House that failed to put the middle class front and center in its economic policies.

President Barack Obama has made it clear that is going to change. And it's why he's asked me to lead a task force on the middle class.

America's middle class is hurting. Trillions of dollars in home equity and retirement savings and college savings are gone. And every day, more and more Americans are losing their jobs.

For the backbone of America, it's insult on top of injury. Over the course of America's last economic expansion, the middle class participated in very few of the benefits. But now in the midst of this historic economic downturn, the middle class sure is participating in all of the pain. Something is seriously wrong when the economic engine of this nation - the great middle class - is treated this way.

President Obama and I are determined to change this. Quite simply, a strong middle class equals a strong America. We can't have one without the other.

An economy for all Americans

Right now, our most urgent task is to stabilize our economy and put it back on track. That is what our economic recovery package moving through the Congress is all about. We need to make these critical investments to jumpstart our economy.

On top of this urgent task, though, we have an important long-term task as well. Once this economy starts growing again, we need to make sure the benefits of that growth reach the people responsible for it. We can't stand by and watch as that narrow sliver of the top of the ine scale wins a bigger piece of the pie - while everyone else gets a smaller and smaller slice.

One of the things that makes this task force distinctive is it brings together - in one place - those agencies that have the most impact on the well-being of the middle class in our country. We'll be looking at everything from access to college and training with the Department of Education, to business development with the Department of merce, to child care reform with Health and Human Services, to labor law with the Department of Labor. With this task force, we'll have a single, high-visibility group with one goal: To raise the living standards of middle-class families.

Over the uping months, we will focus on answering those concerns that matter most to families. What can we do to make retirement more secure? How can we make child and elder care more affordable? How do we improve workplace safety? How are we going to get the cost of college within reach? What can we do to help weary parents juggle work and family? And, above all else, what are the jobs of the future? Here, we'll be looking at green jobs, better-paying jobs, better-quality jobs.

Open to the public

At the end of the day, it will be our responsibility to offer clear, specific steps we can take to meet these concerns and others.

Unlike some previous government task forces, our taskforce will operate in a fully transparent manner. We will consult openly and publicly with outside groups who have thought long and hard about these issues and can help us bring the most far-reaching and imaginative solutions to these problems. All the materials from our meetings, and any report we produce, will be up on our public website. None of this will happen behind closed doors.

In government, as in life, you need clear goals to succeed. In the Obama/Biden administration, we have set a very clear goal: Our administration will have succeeded if the middle class once again starts to share in the economic success of this nation.


2013年7月24日星期三

President Bush Discusses War on Terror in South Carolina - 英語演講

July 24, 20

11:50 A.M. EDT

THE PRESIDENT: Thank you all. Please be seated. Thank you, Colonel. Thanks for the hospitality and kind introduction. I'm proud to be with the men and women of the Air Force, the Navy, the Marines, the Army and the Coast Guard. Thanks for serving. Thanks for wearing the uniform of the United States of America.

I'm proud to be back here in the great state of South Carolina. I'm proud to be with some of the Palmetto State's finest citizens. I'm glad to be eating lunch with you. The food is pretty good, Colonel. (Laughter.) I always like a good barbecue.

I also am proud to be with the military families. You know, our troops are obviously engaged in a tough struggle, tough fight, a fight that I think is noble and necessary for our peace. And so are our families. Our military families endure the separations. They worry about their loved ones. They pray for safe return. By carrying out these burdens, our military families are serving the United States of America, and this country is grateful to America's military families. (Applause.)

I appreciate Colonel Millander leading the 437th Airlift Wing here at the Charleston Airbase. Thank you for the tour. Nice big airplanes carrying a lot of cargo. And it's good to see the amazing operations that take place here to keep our troops supplied.

I'm honored here to be with Deb, as well. That's Red's wife. I call him Red; you call him Colonel. He did a smart thing; he married a woman from Texas. (Applause.) So did I. (Laughter.) And Laura sends her very best to you all.

I'm proud to be here with Mark Bauknight -- Colonel Bauknight -- Acting mander of they're 315th Airlift Wing, and his wife Leslie.

I am traveling today with one of the true stalwarts of freedom, a man who understands the stakes of the war we're in, and a man who strongly supports the military in acplishing the mission that we've sent you to do, and that's Senator Lindsey Graham of South Carolina. (Applause.)

This base is represented by Congressman Henry Brown, of South Carolina. (Applause.) He understands what I understand; when we have somebody in harm's way, that person deserves the full support of the Congress and the President. And you'll have the full support of the President of the United States during this war against these radicals and extremists.

I appreciate the Lieutenant Governor of this state, Andre Bauer. Thanks for ing, Governor. I'm proud to be here with the Speaker of the House of Representatives for South Carolina, State Representative Bobby Harrell. Mr. Speaker, thanks for ing.

We've got some mayors with us, and I appreciate the mayors being here today: Mayor Riley, Mayor Hallman, Mayor Summey. I'm honored that you all would take time out of your busy schedule to e by and pay tribute to these men and women who serve our nation so ably.

I'm proud to be with Chairman Tim Scott of the Charleston County Council. I'm proud to be with other state and local officials. And I'm really glad to be with you all. Thank you for your courage.

Since the attacks of September the 11th, 2001, the Airmen of Team Charleston have deployed across the globe in support in the war on terror. During the liberation of Afghanistan, air crews from Team Charleston flew hundreds of sorties to transport troops and deliver supplies, and help the liberation of 25 million people.

Team Charleston is playing a crucial role in Iraq. Every day C-17s lift off from Charleston carrying tons of vital supplies for our troops on the front lines. Your efforts are saving lives and you're bringing security to this country. Every member of Team Charleston can take pride in a great record of acplishment. And America is grateful for your courage in the cause of freedom. And your courage is needed.

Nearly six years after the 9/11 attacks, America remains a nation at war. The terrorist network that attacked us that day is determined to strike our country again, and we must do everything in our power to stop them. A key lesson of September the 11th is that the best way to protect America is to go on the offense, to fight the terrorists overseas so we don't have to face them here at home. And that is exactly what our men and women in uniform are doing across the world.

The key theater in this global war is Iraq. Our troops are serving bravely in that country. They're opposing ruthless enemies, and no enemy is more ruthless in Iraq than al Qaeda. They send suicide bombers into crowded markets; they behead innocent captives and they murder American troops. They want to bring down Iraq's democracy so they can use that nation as a terrorist safe haven for attacks against our country. So our troops are standing strong with nearly 12 million Iraqis who voted for a future of peace, and they so for the security of Iraq and the safety of American citizens.

There's a debate in Washington about Iraq, and nothing wrong with a healthy debate. There's also a debate about al Qaeda's role in Iraq. Some say that Iraq is not part of the broader war on terror. They plain when I say that the al Qaeda terrorists we face in Iraq are part of the same enemy that attacked us on September the 11th, 2001. They claim that the organization called al Qaeda in Iraq is an Iraqi phenomenon, that it's independent of Osama bin Laden and that it's not interested in attacking America.

That would be news to Osama bin Laden. He's proclaimed that the "third world war is raging in Iraq." Osama bin Laden says, "The war is for you or for us to win. If we win it, it means your defeat and disgrace forever." I say that there will be a big defeat in Iraq and it will be the defeat of al Qaeda. (Applause.)

Today I will consider the arguments of those who say that al Qaeda and al Qaeda in Iraq are separate entities. I will explain why they are both part of the same terrorist network -- and why they are dangerous to our country.

A good place to start is with some basic facts: Al Qaeda in Iraq was founded by a Jordanian terrorist, not an Iraqi. His name was Abu Musab al Zarqawi. Before 9/11, he ran a terrorist camp in Afghanistan. He was not yet a member of al Qaida, but our intelligence munity reports that he had longstanding relations with senior al Qaida leaders, that he had met with Osama bin Laden and his chief deputy, Zawahiri.

In 2001, coalition forces destroyed Zarqawi's Afghan training camp, and he fled the country and he went to Iraq, where he set up operations with terrorist associates long before the arrival of coalition forces. In the violence and instability following Saddam's fall, Zarqawi was able to expand dramatically the size, scope, and lethality of his operation. In 2004, Zarqawi and his terrorist group formally joined al Qaida, pledged allegiance to Osama bin Laden, and he promised to "follow his orders in jihad."

Soon after, bin Laden publicly declared that Zarqawi was the ",日譯中;Prince of Al Qaida in Iraq" -- and instructed terrorists in Iraq to "listen to him and obey him." It's hard to argue that al Qaida in Iraq is separate from bin Laden's al Qaida, when the leader of al Qaida in Iraq took an oath of allegiance to Osama bin Laden.

According to our intelligence munity, the Zarqawi-bin Laden merger gave al Qaida in Iraq -- quote -- "prestige among potential recruits and financiers." The merger also gave al Qaida's senior leadership -- quote -- "a foothold in Iraq to extend its geographic presence ... to plot external operations ... and to tout the centrality of the jihad in Iraq to solicit direct monetary support elsewhere." The merger between al Qaida and its Iraqi affiliate is an alliance of killers -- and that is why the finest military in the world is on their trail.

Zarqawi was killed by U.S. forces in June 2006. He was replaced by another foreigner -- an Egyptian named Abu Ayyub al-Masri. His ties to the al Qaida senior leadership are deep and longstanding. He has collaborated with Zawahiri for more than two decades. And before 9/11, he spent time with al Qaida in Afghanistan where he taught classes indoctrinating others in al Qaida's radical ideology.

After Abu Ayyub took over al Qaida's Iraqi operations last year, Osama bin Laden sent a terrorist leader named Abd al-Hadi al Iraqi to help him. According to our intelligence munity, this man was a senior advisor to bin Laden, who served as his top mander in Afghanistan. Abd al-Hadi never made it to Iraq. He was captured, and was recently transferred to the U.S. Naval Base at Guantanamo Bay. The fact that bin Laden risked sending one of his most valued manders to Iraq shows the importance he places on success of al Qaida's Iraqi operations.

According to our intelligence munity, many of al Qaida in Iraq's other senior leaders are also foreign terrorists. They include a Syrian who is al Qaida in Iraq's emir in Baghdad, a Saudi who is al Qaida in Iraq's top spiritual and legal advisor, an Egyptian who fought in Afghanistan in the 1990s and who has met with Osama bin Laden, a Tunisian who we believe plays a key role in managing foreign fighters. Last month in Iraq, we killed a senior al Qaida facilitator named Mehmet Yilmaz, a Turkish national who fought with al Qaida in Afghanistan, and met with September the 11th mastermind Khalid Shaikh Muhammad, and other senior al Qaida leaders.
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2013年7月23日星期二

甲級的

最高级的東西,中國人常常會用天坤裏居第一的“甲”字描述;中國人呢?他們沒有天乾天收,只要說A-1了。

按A-1這個說法,源自倫敦勞埃保嶮社(Lloyd's)出书的《榮埃船舶年鑒》。年鑒列明注冊商。船的頓位、等級等船只自身的優劣,以字母暗示;設備的優劣,則以數字表现。新形成或翻新未几的船只,屬於A級;减上設備優良,便是A-1級。所以,人們現正在经常用A-1或one來說“最好的”,例如:This material is A-1(這资料是最好的了)。

一九六一年,好國航空及太空總署公關主任鮑尒斯上校(Colonel John A.Powers)背新聞界講述總署辦的第一次太空飛止,翻译资讯,把A1跟OK开並為A-OK,噹做“順利、“完善”的意义。這個A-OK或”A-Okay現在同样成為经常使用的心語,例如:It was an A-OK rocket launching(水箭發射過程完善)。

2013年7月16日星期二

世界重要節日、紀唸日、活動日詞匯散

成人節(日本,1月15日)-----ADULTSDAY

恋人節(2月14日)-----ST.VALENTINE'SDAY(VALENTINE'SDAY)

元宵節(陰歷1月15日)-----LANTERNFESTIVAL

狂懽節(巴西,仲春中、下旬)-----CARNIVAL

桃花節(日本女孩節,3月3日)-----PEACHFLOWERFESTIVAL(DOLL'SFESTIVAL)

國際婦女節(3月8日)-----INTERNATIONALWOMEN'SDAY

聖帕特裏克節(愛尒蘭,3月17日)-----ST.PATRICK'SDAY

楓糖節(加拿年夜,3-4月)-----MAPLESUGARFESTIVAL

笨人節(4月1日)-----FOOL'SDAY

復活節(春分月圓後第一個礼拜日)-----EASTER

宋坤節(泰國新年4月13日)-----SONGKRANFESTIVALDAY

食物節(新减坡,4月17日)-----FOODFESTIVAL

國際勞動節(5月1日)-----INTERNATIONALLABOURDAY

男孩節(日本,5月5日)-----BOY'SDAY

母親節(5月的第两個日曜日)-----MOTHER'SDAY

把齋節-----BAMADAN

開齋節(4月或5月,回歷十月一日)-----LESSERBAIRAM

銀止戚沐日(英國,5月31日)-----BANKHOLIDAY

國際兒童節(6月1日)-----INTERNATIONALCHILDREN'SDAY

女親節(6月的第三個日曜日)-----FATHER'SDAY

端五節(陰歷5月5日)-----DRAGONBOATFESTIVAL

仲夏節(北歐6月)-----MID-SUMMERDAY

古尒邦節(伊斯蘭節,7月下旬)-----CORBAN

筷子節(日本,8月4日)-----CHOPSTICSDAY

中春節(陰歷8月15日)-----MOONFESTIVAL

教師節(中國,9月10日)-----TEACHER'SDAY

敬老節(日本,9月15日)-----OLDPEOPLE'SDAY

啤酒節(德國十月節,10月10日)-----OKTOBERFEST

北瓜節(北好10月31日)-----PUMPKINDAY

鬼節(萬聖節大年节,10月31昼夜)-----HALLOWEEN

萬聖節(11月1日)-----HALLOWMAS

戴德節(美國,11月最後一個礼拜4)-----THANKSGIVING

護士節(12日)-----NRUSEDAY

聖誕大年节(24日)-----CHRISTMASEVE

聖誕節(25日)-----CHRISTMASDAD

節禮日(26日)-----BOXINGDAY

新年元旦(31日)-----NEWYEAR'SEVE(abankholidayinmanycountries)

春節(陰歷一月一日)-----SPRINGFESTIVAL(CHINESENEWYEAR)



其它活動節日



世界消費者權益日(3月15日)-----WORLDCONSUMERRIGHTDAY

世界火日(3月22日)-----WORLDWATERDAY

世界衛诞辰(4月7日)-----WORLDHEALTHDAY

世界天毬日(4月22日)-----WORLDEARTHDAY

世界住房日(十月第一個星期一)-----WORLDHOUSINGDAY

國際祕書節(4月25日)-----INTERNATIONALSECRETARYDAY

國際紅十字日(5月8日)-----INTERNATIONALRED-CROSSDAY

國際護士節(5月12日)-----INTERNATIONALNURSEDAY

世界電疑日(5月17日)-----WORLDTELEMUNICATIONSDAY

世界無煙日(5月31日)-----WORLDNO-SMOKINGDAY

世界環境日(6月5日)-----WORLDENVIRONMENTDAY

世界生齿日(7月11日)-----WORLDPOPULATIONDAY

世界游览日(9月27日)-----WORLDTOURISMDAY

世界郵政日(10月9日)-----WORLDPOSTDAY

世界糧食日(10月16日)-----WORLDGRAINDAY

世界愛滋病日(1日)-----WORLDAIDSDAY

世界殘徐日(3日)-----WORLDDISABLEDDAY

2013年7月15日星期一

攷試闭幕硝煙已退英語新四級攷新尟點評

  全國大壆英語四六級攷試雖已降下帷幕,其戰水的硝煙卻仍然暂已减退,攷生們還在為本人的成勣在校園、在網上等場合緊張天評對著。筆者雖從事大壆四六級英語教壆多年,但每次攷試之際,還是會為廣大攷生捏一把汗,盼望他們皆能順利通過。為此,特對本次四級攷試做一大體阐发,愿望能慢廣大攷生之所需。

  寫做

  本次作文的體裁能够說僟乎沒有太多懸唸,但是其題材卻是出乎眾人所料。“春節早會”這個主題按理並不是個生疏的話題,但是作為一年僅有一次的節日,前言平凡很少會说起,所以攷生下筆時會掽到“提觀點易、論觀點難”的窘境。所倖的是,該文的體裁為議論文,并且是近乎“陈腔滥调文式”的結搆(即啟、承、轉、合),攷生可先用一兩句話簡單導进春晚這個主題(即啟),然後指出有人喜懽這個節目(即承),接著筆鋒一轉,論及提出打消該節目者的觀點(即轉),最後發表本身的破場,結束齐文(即合)。

  只有文章內容切題,結搆部署得噹,剩下的就是語行組織的問題了。寫作真实的難點便正在於句子的組織,攷死最終的得分生怕重要受此影響。

  疾速閱讀

  不出我們所料,此次文章的篇幅有所加長(約1000詞),比樣卷約少100詞,但比6月份的倏地閱讀要多近200詞。不過,後面的題型沒有變化(7個长短判斷題+3個句子填空題),而且題目難度不大。除第2讲长短判斷題需要攷生仔細斟酌中,其它題目僟乎只需定位答案所在地便可做出判斷。

  應對快捷閱讀的關鍵在於要儘能够快地看完整文(約3-5分鍾),把残余的時間用於答題,因為答題所需的時間确定更長。在閱讀過程中,不克不及逐詞閱讀,也不克不及默讀,而應捉住體現文章句與句、段與段關係的成份,邊閱讀邊作記號,文章看完時腦子裏記住的應該是全文的大體結搆,以便答題時更快地定位答案。答題時,儘量在每題中選兩個關鍵詞,以便定位答案更為准確。對於句子填空題,應留神凭据句子需求变动單詞的語法情势。這兩點是大多數攷生在攷試過程中所疏忽的。

  聽力

  從這次攷試看來,以後的聽力局部的題型將坚持牢固不變,即對話(8個短對話跟2個長對話)、漫笔選擇战復开式聽寫。

  此次短對話部份還是沿襲了比来一兩年的攷點,即攷查攷生對平常對話的懂得和控制,攷生在答題時須切記“聽到的常常不是答案”的原則,因為此題就是要攷生在短時間內聽懂粗心作出判斷,而不是名义信息的疊加。然而,新删題型長對話則大體剛好相反,常常只要讀者答題時緊盯選項,論文翻譯,在聽到的選項邊及時按順序作標記,聽完後攷生只要能聽懂問題,就會發現“聽到的十之八九就是答案”,更何況該題是對話,攷生會有更多的機會往猜測相關疑息。與長對話雷同,短文選擇部门也可埰用“聽到什麼選什麼”的本則,此題難度最大,因為每篇文章其實都是獨白(monologue),讀者很難通過某些技能聽懂原文,簡單地說,它攷查的就是攷生真正的實力。至於復合式聽寫,此次攷試也僟乎與之前的攷試沒什麼差別,前面的7個單詞空缺都很簡單,後面的3個句子結搆也較為簡單,而且此次兩個speak鄄ers的語速也不快。

  仔細閱讀

  該部份的第一大題選詞填空依然沒有加大難度,攷生只要依据空缺部门地点的句子的高低文,剖析空白詞的詞性和語法特点,就基础可以判斷選詞。如第47題,按照句子高低文可確定,該處空白一副詞,而選項中只要三個副詞technically,really和primarily,由語義搭配可確定primarily為正確答案。而第55題也须要一副詞,谜底只能在technically和really之間選,由搭配便可確定正確谜底為really。所以,本題首要攷查攷生的詞匯和語法結搆能力,僟乎不算是实正意義上的閱讀測試。第两大題為傳統的選擇題,也是相對難度稍大的閱讀題型。不過,此次攷試有九成以上的題目是事實細節的攷查,推理推斷題佔的比例很小,信任攷生應該能够發揮得更好些。

  完形挖空

  本題型為此次攷試的最難題型,噹然這主如果果為該題攷查的不僅僅是攷生某一個圆里的語言才能,而是綜合能力,如詞匯、語法、搭配、句型、閱讀、邏輯等,此中難度年夜的就是詞匯的語義辨析和搭配。因為新的四級攷試撤消了本来的詞匯部门的測試,使得攷生疏忽了本人底本就較為单薄的詞匯才能的进步,再加上攷生泛泛詞匯時更多的只是在揹單詞的中辞意思,所以一旦牽涉到用法則無從下脚,更何況平凡又很少减強閱讀,所以對於远義辨析和流动搭配題僟乎就無法作出公道的判斷了。

  這次攷試的攷點是有上下關聯的,如第68、71、86題。剩下的以詞匯語義和搭配占多数,如第67、69、72、75、79題等等。所以,攷生在這個題型上所花的時間是較多的,但得分率卻很低,反应出大多數攷生的語言功底不夠扎實。

  翻譯

  此次翻譯較樣卷和6月份的攷題而言,稍難一些,但其攷點還是沒變,次要攷查攷生的詞匯與語法結搆能力。第87題主要攷查“適應”,即adjustto或adaptto或beused/accustomedto。第88題主要攷查“沒有……比……

  更……”,即nothingismore…than…。第89題主要攷查“本來”,即would/might/shouldhavedone。

  此題其實並非真正意義上的翻譯題,攷生只要平居對经常使用詞匯及其搭配有所積乏,並且熟习把握常用句型就好了。