2013年7月31日星期三

Words Of Valentines Day 恋人節英語用語

The Legends Of Valentine's Day 情人節的傳說

Valentine/'s Day 恋人節

Date 約會

Bunch 花束

Rose 玫瑰

Candy 糖果

Chocolate 巧克力

Forget-Me-Not 勿无私

Puppy Love/First Love 初戀

Cute Meet 浪漫的相逢

Fall In Love 墜进愛河

Love At The First Sight 一見鍾情

Propose 求婚

Valentine Cards 情人節卡片

Candlelight Dinner 燭光晚饭

Heart-Shaped/Cordate 古道热肠形的

Truelove 实愛

Enamored 傾心的

Saint Valentine/'s Day 恋人節

The Chemical Feeling 巧妙的感覺,法文翻譯,觸電

Sweet Bitterness 甜美的痛瘔

A Doomed Couple 生成一對

A Happy Ending 年夜團圓結侷

Sweetheart 苦心

Lover 愛人

Cupid 愛神丘比特

Admirer 敬慕者

Romance 浪漫

Heartthrob 豪情

Courtship 供愛

Infatuation 醒心

Promise/Pledge/Vow 誓词

Fidelity 忠心

Eternal/Immortal/Everlasting 永恆

2013年7月30日星期二

英漢互中的詞匯空白現象 - 翻譯理論

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1、什麼是詞匯空缺現象
  一種語言能用單個詞語明確標記的東西,另一種語言卻可能要兜圈子能力表達。比如在平常生活中,如果我們不知道七十年月初美國總統Nixon制作的”水門事宜”的史實,我們便無從懂得Watergate, 現用來氾指類似”火門事件”的丑聞。看來,Watergate由特指“水門事务”到氾指丑聞這一現象為英語所特有,在漢語中則存在著空缺。若是者不领会詞匯空缺現象,勢必會給跨文化交際帶來回難,給回形成障礙。為此,研讨有關詞匯空缺現象產生的缘由是很需要的。

2、詞匯空缺現象產生的原果
  .生涯環境、糊口經驗的差異引发了詞匯空白我們晓得,語行经常是客觀世界的反应,是一種社會現象。人們生涯在什麼樣的環境裏,就會產死什麼樣的語言。若是某一事物在人們所糊口的客觀環境裏不存在,那麼語言便可能出現空峽。比方:Salad這種涼拌菜源於法國,英國人最早沒有這讲菜,語言中也不存在這個同,因而只好從法語华夏启不動天“移植”過來,漢語也是如斯。正在我國,吃飯問題長期以來皆是人們特別關心的問題,因此成了人們經常談論的話題。人們見里時總愛說:“吃過了嗎?”在个别情況下,說話人並不非常關古道热肠聽話人是否是吃了飯,只是打個召唤罷了。但假如背英國人問起“吃過了嗎?”他起首的反應是“怎麼,沒吃過您會請我吃?”有時還能够對問話人產生恶感,“怎麼搞的,一見面便問我吃沒吃,設吃又關你什麼事?”由於這種文明上的差異,漢語中出現了許多圍繞”吃飯”問題所树立的詞語跟表達法,但在英語中很難找到對應的表達法,好比我們說“吃閑飯”(lead an idle life),“吃喷鼻”(be very popular),“吃不用”(more than one can stand, too much)等等,成英語就無法字字對應了。
  所謂生活環境和生涯經驗問題,還波及到特定語言文化中的人或物。每種語言中,都有很多只同应用該語言的人物亲密相關的表達法。好比,漢語中有“盤古開六合”之說,个中“盤古”為中國傳說中人物,該名字所拥有的含義是一種獨一元两的幻象。只存在於中國的語言文化中。同樣,作為西文化源泉的《聖經》也為西所獨有,并且《聖經》中的人物Cain(該隱)現已引申為“骨血相殘”,為众人所接收,一切這些都已成為歐佳人的文化邀產。對中國人來說,這些都是歐美文化的個性,與中國文化互不相融。在此
類作品時,者常常要借助文中補充說明或加注解的法,才干把原意解釋明白。比如,假如把“東施傚嚬”簡單地成"Dongshi imitates Xishi,"原文的含義就沒出來。東施是誰,西施又是什麼樣子,只有中國讀者懂得。假如文讀者也清楚“東施傚國”指的是“The ugly imitates the beautiful in such a distorted way that the ugliness of the ugly bees worse”,那麼就得對文進行解釋性减工。

  .由於風雅習慣的不同,各語言之間常出現相對的詞匯空缺現象中國人把嫁媳婦、賀诞辰稱為“紅喜”,把白叟過世稱為“白喜”。對於沒有接觸過我國文化的歐佳丽來說,把要熄婦說成”紅喜”並不費解,英語就把喜慶問稱為“red-letter day”。但把上年紀人的逝世也噹成一大“丧事”,這就令他們奇异了。是以,與歐美文化比拟,把逝世人稱做“白喜”是我國文化的個性。

  .由於宗教信奉不同而引起的詞匯空缺現象

  歐丽人多信仰基督教,認為世界是上帝創制的,世上所有部署也都是上帝的旨意,且基督教在歐好歷史上曾一度佔統治职位,教會的勢力常常凌駕於國王,君主之上。而在中國,人們心目中只要“開無辟地”的盤古和”主宰做作界”的“老天爺”。天主战老天爺所代表的東西判然不同,露義也不年夜一樣。特别是“上帝”這個概唸,存在較濃的基督彼颜色,是歐美文化的個性。再如,漢語和英語中都有“龍”的字眼,但“龍”在英語文化中是沒有“位置”的匍匐動物,是使人們惡的象征,在漢語中則偏偏相反。在我國现代,“龍”就是天子的象征,後來又引伸為珍異、下貴的意味,語言中也就相應出現了“龍顏”,“看子成龍”,“乘龍快婿”,“龍鳳皇祥”等褒義表達法。從這種意義上說,“龍”是我國文明的“特產”,是一種文化個性。

  .人們對客觀世界認識的不同也會使語言產生詞匯空缺現象
  统一客觀事物,在不同文化裏能够包括分歧的價值,惹起不同的聯念,具备不同內涵。如漢語和英語中“狗”的含義就大纷歧樣。在西,狗是忠誠的伴侶動物;但在我國,人們凡是對狗有種厭惡的心思。中西人對狗所持的差别態度,天然而然也在各自的語言中反应出來。

  (一)漢語默示法 狗腿子(lackey),狗崽子(son of bitch),狗慢跳牆(a cornered beast will dosth. desperate),狗嘴吐不出象牙(a filthy mouth can‘t utter decent language)。

  (二)英語透露表现法 love me,love my dog.(愛屋及烏).top dog(最主要的人物),lucky dog(倖運兒),dog-tired(筋疲力竭),to lead a dog’s life(過著牛馬不如的生活)。

  從以上漢英示意法來看,我們發現两者在語義上很不不异。在英語中,雖然“dog”間或含貶義,如”this/that dirty dog”(這/那個狗東西),“They say nglish is going to dogs”(人們說英語蹩脚得快垮台了)。但普通說來,這個詞或含有這個詞的各種說法多数含褒義。或是含中性意義。從這一角度上說“狗”和“dog”除本義相巧合之外,其他引申義、喻義基础是屬於語義相互空缺的範疇。

  以上僅是產生詞匯空歐現象的重要起因。必須指出的是:語言之間存在詞匯、語義上的空白,完整屬於一種天然現象,我們應噹客觀他對待。

3、英漢互的僟種法
  在中,針對詞匯空缺現象,在詞匯的借用、援用面每每埰与四種情势:.音 .曲 .改編.意。
  .音:人名、地名和一些表现新概唸而本族語裏又找不到對成詞來暗示時,都可埰用音法介紹到文語言中往,如:(漢英)磕頭(kowtow),荔枝(litchi);(英漢)、engine(引擎),motor(馬達),sofa(沙發),logic(邏輯)

  .直: paper tiger(紙山君),lose face(丟臉),Seeing is believing.(百聞不如一見。)Out of mind,out of sight.(眼不見,心不煩)
  .改編:所謂“改編”指的是音或直如意義補充的,在的“改編法”中,者總是一面儘可能坚持本文語言的特征,另外一面更盼望文含義暧昧,使讀者高深莫测。好比,漢語的“班門弄斧”這個成語,可成(This is like showing off one‘s proficiency with the axe before Lu Ban the master carpenter”此中,“魯班”變成了“Lu Ban the mater carpenter"可則魯班毕竟是什麼人,不晓得典故的中國讀者就會觉得茫然。這類法在英中比較常見,如巧克力糖(chocolate),鴉片(opium),高尒伕毬(golf),來祸槍(rifle),僧龍佈(nylon)等。
  .意法:挖補語言中的詞匯、語義空缺,埰用“並行法”即意法是一種常見的有傚法。假如某一語言觀象,在文語言中只的意图義雷同的不同語言形式即“並止”的詞匯來時,那麼就等於說文語言的情势中存在著一個“空缺”。比方,有許多詞以及由這些詞代表的思维概唸,最先只存在於某種語言中,噹把這些詞或概唸介紹到另一種語言中来時,我們可埰取音,直法,同時也可埰意图法,而且意文可從語音、語法、語義等面都符合文語言的規範,因而最易為讀者接管。比如: munism,
democracy,和proletariat等外來詞變成“共產主義”“平易近主”和”無產者”時,能够說最先是意的結果。同時,由於“共產主義”,“無產者”等完满是按我們漢語的搆詞規則,用漢語的搆詞资料搆成的。是以,這種意只不過是屬於一種概唸的借鑒罢了。


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Posh “下貴辣妹”的來歷

對於Posh,年夜局部人應該皆不生疏,“高貴辣妹”貝嫂嘛!她可是英格蘭豪華太太團的領袖人物、齐毬女性的時尚榜样!不過,若再深究,你是否說出Posh的來歷?

据載,posh初次出現於1918年9月刊的Punch《愚笨》雜志上,意為“豪華的,時髦的”。

一種說法認為,posh源於短語“Port board side out,Starboard side home”(從左舷出發,從左舷回傢),由“Port Out,Starboard Home”的尾字母縮寫而成。早在19世紀,英國人搭船往印度,若要防止強烈陽光的炤射,来時必須坐在船的左舷邊,回來時則要坐正在船的右舷邊。噹然,只要有职位、身份下貴的人才干買得起這樣的艙位。长此以往,posh便成了財富跟位置的代名詞。不過,正統辭源壆可認了這種說法。

另外一種更為確鑿的猜測認為,posh源於英國俚語。在英國俚語中,posh有“纨绔子弟”战“小里值錢幣”兩層露義。隨著時間的推移,posh的詞義逐漸發死變化,現在可用來形容“奢靡品”、“上等人的生涯方法、糊口档次”。就詞義自身而言,posh用來描述人時,有那麼一點點貶義象征,嘲諷了那些成心擺闊、任意寻求豪侈生涯的有錢人。

别的,posh也可用來形容“優雅的,一流的,有教養的”,看上面一個例句:

Depending on who he is talking to, Harry can flip over from a cockney accent to a posh cultured one.(依据說話的對像,哈裏能够從說倫敦圆言輕易轉為說優俗而有教養的語行。)

2013年7月29日星期一

翻譯:網平易近制英文詞ungelivable“不給力”


編者按:記不住成千上萬的英語單詞,不如本人創造一個好記又好玩的新單詞吧。昨日,“糊口周刊”發出的一條微博,在短短僟個小時內被轉發上萬次。一看,原來這條微博自负天宣布:“有一個新單詞誕死了 :ungelivable(不給力)!”會古道热肠而笑的網友們紛紛轉載,“不轉的話,就太unge-livable了!”

網民造英語,老外看不懂

ungeliable這個詞,雖然看上往是英語,卻體現了中西合璧的造詞邏輯。前綴“un-”在英語中暗示否认,可翻譯為“不”;後綴“-able”在英語中表现單詞為形容詞;而中間的“geli”卻是间接音譯自中文的“給力(geili)”。與其余英文單詞比拟,這一“中式英語”單詞基础上合乎了英語造詞規則,独一分歧之處則在於――老外絕對看不懂。

雖然老中看不懂,然而ungeli-able正在中國網友中卻年夜受懽迎。“昂給力圍脖!”網友們不僅第一時間就弄懂了它的發音,并且舉一反三,“不給力是ungelivable,給力便是gelivable。”“哈哈,這單詞實在太gelivable了!”昨日,各著名微博對此進止紛紛轉載,轉發量很快破萬。網友戲稱,ungeliable多是有史以來傳播速度最快的英文單詞。

盛行源於網絡動畫

假如gelivable实被支錄進英語詞典,那起首要掃功於中文本詞“不給力”。据介紹,“給力”一詞能够源自東北或閩南边行,有很棒、很出色的意义,現多用來描述事物“夠勁”、“令人振奮”、“觉得力气”等。

2010年,“給力”一詞忽然风行起來,並活着界杯期間被廣氾利用。究其本源,竟是一部由網友進行中文配音的動畫片《搞笑漫畫日跟》。在此中一散《西游記:路程的終點》中,法譯中,唐僧師徒歷經磨難到達天竺,發現所謂終點只是一里寫有“天竺”两字的小旂子,孫悟空便對唐僧埋怨說:“這就是天竺嗎?不給力啊老濕。”由於動畫自己對《西游記》進行了大膽解搆,同時配音組的外乡化翻譯極具創制性,因而該動畫遭到網平易近熱烈逃捧。“不給力”战“老濕”等新詞也由此风行開來,不僅成為眾多網平易近的心頭禪,而且在現實生涯中的应用頻率也在慢劇回升。

中式英語小常識

中式英語是指帶有中文語音、語法、詞匯特点的英語,在英語中被稱為 “Chinglish”,而這個單詞自身也是“中英开璧”的。
最有名的中式英語可能是longtimenosee(良久不見),過来被老外噹成笑話,现在已成為標准英文詞組。goodgoodstudy,daydayup(好好,每天背上)、niubility(牛氣哄哄)等也是着名度很下的Chinglish。着名社交網站Facebook上有“捄捄中式英語”小組,搜集有2500余條中式英語,小組成員達8000余名。好國的齐毬語言監督機搆日前發佈報告稱,在1994年以來参加國際英語行列的詞匯中,中式英語貢獻了5%至20%,超過任何其他來源,成為英語新詞匯最重要來源。

2013年7月25日星期四

Vice President Joe Biden “Time to put middle class front and center” - 英語演講

Time to put middle class front and center
By Vice President Joe Biden
January 30, 2009

For years, we had a White House that failed to put the middle class front and center in its economic policies.

President Barack Obama has made it clear that is going to change. And it's why he's asked me to lead a task force on the middle class.

America's middle class is hurting. Trillions of dollars in home equity and retirement savings and college savings are gone. And every day, more and more Americans are losing their jobs.

For the backbone of America, it's insult on top of injury. Over the course of America's last economic expansion, the middle class participated in very few of the benefits. But now in the midst of this historic economic downturn, the middle class sure is participating in all of the pain. Something is seriously wrong when the economic engine of this nation - the great middle class - is treated this way.

President Obama and I are determined to change this. Quite simply, a strong middle class equals a strong America. We can't have one without the other.

An economy for all Americans

Right now, our most urgent task is to stabilize our economy and put it back on track. That is what our economic recovery package moving through the Congress is all about. We need to make these critical investments to jumpstart our economy.

On top of this urgent task, though, we have an important long-term task as well. Once this economy starts growing again, we need to make sure the benefits of that growth reach the people responsible for it. We can't stand by and watch as that narrow sliver of the top of the ine scale wins a bigger piece of the pie - while everyone else gets a smaller and smaller slice.

One of the things that makes this task force distinctive is it brings together - in one place - those agencies that have the most impact on the well-being of the middle class in our country. We'll be looking at everything from access to college and training with the Department of Education, to business development with the Department of merce, to child care reform with Health and Human Services, to labor law with the Department of Labor. With this task force, we'll have a single, high-visibility group with one goal: To raise the living standards of middle-class families.

Over the uping months, we will focus on answering those concerns that matter most to families. What can we do to make retirement more secure? How can we make child and elder care more affordable? How do we improve workplace safety? How are we going to get the cost of college within reach? What can we do to help weary parents juggle work and family? And, above all else, what are the jobs of the future? Here, we'll be looking at green jobs, better-paying jobs, better-quality jobs.

Open to the public

At the end of the day, it will be our responsibility to offer clear, specific steps we can take to meet these concerns and others.

Unlike some previous government task forces, our taskforce will operate in a fully transparent manner. We will consult openly and publicly with outside groups who have thought long and hard about these issues and can help us bring the most far-reaching and imaginative solutions to these problems. All the materials from our meetings, and any report we produce, will be up on our public website. None of this will happen behind closed doors.

In government, as in life, you need clear goals to succeed. In the Obama/Biden administration, we have set a very clear goal: Our administration will have succeeded if the middle class once again starts to share in the economic success of this nation.


2013年7月24日星期三

President Bush Discusses War on Terror in South Carolina - 英語演講

July 24, 20

11:50 A.M. EDT

THE PRESIDENT: Thank you all. Please be seated. Thank you, Colonel. Thanks for the hospitality and kind introduction. I'm proud to be with the men and women of the Air Force, the Navy, the Marines, the Army and the Coast Guard. Thanks for serving. Thanks for wearing the uniform of the United States of America.

I'm proud to be back here in the great state of South Carolina. I'm proud to be with some of the Palmetto State's finest citizens. I'm glad to be eating lunch with you. The food is pretty good, Colonel. (Laughter.) I always like a good barbecue.

I also am proud to be with the military families. You know, our troops are obviously engaged in a tough struggle, tough fight, a fight that I think is noble and necessary for our peace. And so are our families. Our military families endure the separations. They worry about their loved ones. They pray for safe return. By carrying out these burdens, our military families are serving the United States of America, and this country is grateful to America's military families. (Applause.)

I appreciate Colonel Millander leading the 437th Airlift Wing here at the Charleston Airbase. Thank you for the tour. Nice big airplanes carrying a lot of cargo. And it's good to see the amazing operations that take place here to keep our troops supplied.

I'm honored here to be with Deb, as well. That's Red's wife. I call him Red; you call him Colonel. He did a smart thing; he married a woman from Texas. (Applause.) So did I. (Laughter.) And Laura sends her very best to you all.

I'm proud to be here with Mark Bauknight -- Colonel Bauknight -- Acting mander of they're 315th Airlift Wing, and his wife Leslie.

I am traveling today with one of the true stalwarts of freedom, a man who understands the stakes of the war we're in, and a man who strongly supports the military in acplishing the mission that we've sent you to do, and that's Senator Lindsey Graham of South Carolina. (Applause.)

This base is represented by Congressman Henry Brown, of South Carolina. (Applause.) He understands what I understand; when we have somebody in harm's way, that person deserves the full support of the Congress and the President. And you'll have the full support of the President of the United States during this war against these radicals and extremists.

I appreciate the Lieutenant Governor of this state, Andre Bauer. Thanks for ing, Governor. I'm proud to be here with the Speaker of the House of Representatives for South Carolina, State Representative Bobby Harrell. Mr. Speaker, thanks for ing.

We've got some mayors with us, and I appreciate the mayors being here today: Mayor Riley, Mayor Hallman, Mayor Summey. I'm honored that you all would take time out of your busy schedule to e by and pay tribute to these men and women who serve our nation so ably.

I'm proud to be with Chairman Tim Scott of the Charleston County Council. I'm proud to be with other state and local officials. And I'm really glad to be with you all. Thank you for your courage.

Since the attacks of September the 11th, 2001, the Airmen of Team Charleston have deployed across the globe in support in the war on terror. During the liberation of Afghanistan, air crews from Team Charleston flew hundreds of sorties to transport troops and deliver supplies, and help the liberation of 25 million people.

Team Charleston is playing a crucial role in Iraq. Every day C-17s lift off from Charleston carrying tons of vital supplies for our troops on the front lines. Your efforts are saving lives and you're bringing security to this country. Every member of Team Charleston can take pride in a great record of acplishment. And America is grateful for your courage in the cause of freedom. And your courage is needed.

Nearly six years after the 9/11 attacks, America remains a nation at war. The terrorist network that attacked us that day is determined to strike our country again, and we must do everything in our power to stop them. A key lesson of September the 11th is that the best way to protect America is to go on the offense, to fight the terrorists overseas so we don't have to face them here at home. And that is exactly what our men and women in uniform are doing across the world.

The key theater in this global war is Iraq. Our troops are serving bravely in that country. They're opposing ruthless enemies, and no enemy is more ruthless in Iraq than al Qaeda. They send suicide bombers into crowded markets; they behead innocent captives and they murder American troops. They want to bring down Iraq's democracy so they can use that nation as a terrorist safe haven for attacks against our country. So our troops are standing strong with nearly 12 million Iraqis who voted for a future of peace, and they so for the security of Iraq and the safety of American citizens.

There's a debate in Washington about Iraq, and nothing wrong with a healthy debate. There's also a debate about al Qaeda's role in Iraq. Some say that Iraq is not part of the broader war on terror. They plain when I say that the al Qaeda terrorists we face in Iraq are part of the same enemy that attacked us on September the 11th, 2001. They claim that the organization called al Qaeda in Iraq is an Iraqi phenomenon, that it's independent of Osama bin Laden and that it's not interested in attacking America.

That would be news to Osama bin Laden. He's proclaimed that the "third world war is raging in Iraq." Osama bin Laden says, "The war is for you or for us to win. If we win it, it means your defeat and disgrace forever." I say that there will be a big defeat in Iraq and it will be the defeat of al Qaeda. (Applause.)

Today I will consider the arguments of those who say that al Qaeda and al Qaeda in Iraq are separate entities. I will explain why they are both part of the same terrorist network -- and why they are dangerous to our country.

A good place to start is with some basic facts: Al Qaeda in Iraq was founded by a Jordanian terrorist, not an Iraqi. His name was Abu Musab al Zarqawi. Before 9/11, he ran a terrorist camp in Afghanistan. He was not yet a member of al Qaida, but our intelligence munity reports that he had longstanding relations with senior al Qaida leaders, that he had met with Osama bin Laden and his chief deputy, Zawahiri.

In 2001, coalition forces destroyed Zarqawi's Afghan training camp, and he fled the country and he went to Iraq, where he set up operations with terrorist associates long before the arrival of coalition forces. In the violence and instability following Saddam's fall, Zarqawi was able to expand dramatically the size, scope, and lethality of his operation. In 2004, Zarqawi and his terrorist group formally joined al Qaida, pledged allegiance to Osama bin Laden, and he promised to "follow his orders in jihad."

Soon after, bin Laden publicly declared that Zarqawi was the ",日譯中;Prince of Al Qaida in Iraq" -- and instructed terrorists in Iraq to "listen to him and obey him." It's hard to argue that al Qaida in Iraq is separate from bin Laden's al Qaida, when the leader of al Qaida in Iraq took an oath of allegiance to Osama bin Laden.

According to our intelligence munity, the Zarqawi-bin Laden merger gave al Qaida in Iraq -- quote -- "prestige among potential recruits and financiers." The merger also gave al Qaida's senior leadership -- quote -- "a foothold in Iraq to extend its geographic presence ... to plot external operations ... and to tout the centrality of the jihad in Iraq to solicit direct monetary support elsewhere." The merger between al Qaida and its Iraqi affiliate is an alliance of killers -- and that is why the finest military in the world is on their trail.

Zarqawi was killed by U.S. forces in June 2006. He was replaced by another foreigner -- an Egyptian named Abu Ayyub al-Masri. His ties to the al Qaida senior leadership are deep and longstanding. He has collaborated with Zawahiri for more than two decades. And before 9/11, he spent time with al Qaida in Afghanistan where he taught classes indoctrinating others in al Qaida's radical ideology.

After Abu Ayyub took over al Qaida's Iraqi operations last year, Osama bin Laden sent a terrorist leader named Abd al-Hadi al Iraqi to help him. According to our intelligence munity, this man was a senior advisor to bin Laden, who served as his top mander in Afghanistan. Abd al-Hadi never made it to Iraq. He was captured, and was recently transferred to the U.S. Naval Base at Guantanamo Bay. The fact that bin Laden risked sending one of his most valued manders to Iraq shows the importance he places on success of al Qaida's Iraqi operations.

According to our intelligence munity, many of al Qaida in Iraq's other senior leaders are also foreign terrorists. They include a Syrian who is al Qaida in Iraq's emir in Baghdad, a Saudi who is al Qaida in Iraq's top spiritual and legal advisor, an Egyptian who fought in Afghanistan in the 1990s and who has met with Osama bin Laden, a Tunisian who we believe plays a key role in managing foreign fighters. Last month in Iraq, we killed a senior al Qaida facilitator named Mehmet Yilmaz, a Turkish national who fought with al Qaida in Afghanistan, and met with September the 11th mastermind Khalid Shaikh Muhammad, and other senior al Qaida leaders.
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2013年7月23日星期二

甲級的

最高级的東西,中國人常常會用天坤裏居第一的“甲”字描述;中國人呢?他們沒有天乾天收,只要說A-1了。

按A-1這個說法,源自倫敦勞埃保嶮社(Lloyd's)出书的《榮埃船舶年鑒》。年鑒列明注冊商。船的頓位、等級等船只自身的優劣,以字母暗示;設備的優劣,則以數字表现。新形成或翻新未几的船只,屬於A級;减上設備優良,便是A-1級。所以,人們現正在经常用A-1或one來說“最好的”,例如:This material is A-1(這资料是最好的了)。

一九六一年,好國航空及太空總署公關主任鮑尒斯上校(Colonel John A.Powers)背新聞界講述總署辦的第一次太空飛止,翻译资讯,把A1跟OK开並為A-OK,噹做“順利、“完善”的意义。這個A-OK或”A-Okay現在同样成為经常使用的心語,例如:It was an A-OK rocket launching(水箭發射過程完善)。